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Basic Science and Pathogenesis.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
The UC Irvine Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders (UCI MIND), Irvine, CA, USA.
Background: The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathologies in people with Down syndrome (DS) is nearly 100%. In DS, overexpression of APP (on chr21) is associated with increased production of amyloid beta (Aβ) and the formation of phosphorylated tau (ptau) tangles. In the general population, women exhibit higher burdens of ptau compared to age-matched men with AD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMelatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotector in Non-communicable Diseases: More than an Antioxidant.
Subcell Biochem
December 2024
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
A circadian disruption, manifested by disturbed sleep and low-grade inflammation, is commonly seen in noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Cardiovascular, respiratory and renal disorders, diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases are among the most common NCDs prevalent in today's 24-h/7 days Society. The decline in plasma melatonin, which is a conserved phylogenetic molecule across all known aerobic creatures, is a constant feature in NCDs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevalence and etiology of strabismus in Down syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic differences in the esotropia/exotropia ratio.
medRxiv
November 2024
School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada, USA.
Purpose: We sought to determine the prevalence of strabismus and the esotropia/exotropia ratio in Down syndrome. Wide ranges of an increased strabismus prevalence have been reported and it is unclear by how much esotropia exceeds exotropia in people with Down syndrome.
Methods: We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of over 100 studies that report the strabismus prevalence and ratio of esotropia/exotropia in cohorts of Down syndrome.
Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Can Enhance Balance and Muscular Endurance in Children and Adolescents with Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.
Bioengineering (Basel)
November 2024
Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Las Lagunillas s/n, 23071 Jaén, Spain.
Physical exercises are crucial for enhancing postural balance and muscle strength in children and adolescents with Down syndrome (DS). Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT), which utilizes exergames, can favor performing physical activity. The aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of VRBT in improving balance and muscular endurance in children and adolescents with DS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlasma p-tau212 as a biomarker of sporadic and Down Syndrome Alzheimer's disease.
medRxiv
November 2024
Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden.
Article Synopsis
- * A new plasma test measuring p-tau212 levels shows high accuracy in detecting AD-related changes and was tested in 245 plasma and 114 cerebrospinal fluid samples using advanced technology.
- * Results indicate a strong correlation between plasma and CSF p-tau212 levels, with elevated levels in individuals with prodromal and dementia stages of DS, demonstrating high diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing between asymptomatic and symptomatic cases.
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