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The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging by sustaining proteasome activity.
PLoS Biol
January 2025
Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, United States of America.
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for protein turnover and quality control via ubiquitination. Some E2s also physically interact with the proteasome, but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the Drosophila retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFeIF3 engages with 3'-UTR termini of highly translated mRNAs.
Elife
January 2025
Innovative Genomics Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, United States.
Stem cell differentiation involves a global increase in protein synthesis to meet the demands of specialized cell types. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this translational burst and the involvement of initiation factors remains largely unknown. Here, we investigate the role of eukaryotic initiation factor 3 (eIF3) in early differentiation of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelection of initiator tRNA and start codon by mammalian mitochondrial initiation factor 3 in leaderless mRNA translation.
Nucleic Acids Res
January 2025
Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa-shi, Chiba 277-8562, Japan.
Article Synopsis
- The mammalian mitochondrial protein synthesis system is responsible for synthesizing 13 crucial subunits for energy production, but the exact role of IF-3mt in translation initiation is still unclear.
- Researchers created a mitochondrial translation system to explore IF-3mt's proofreading abilities, revealing it helps distinguish between different start codons for more accurate protein synthesis.
- The findings indicate that IF-3mt not only supports initiation from standard AUG start codons but can also facilitate initiation from non-AUG codons like AUA, highlighting its adaptability in working with leaderless mRNAs.
A phytocytokine and its derived peptides in the frass of an insect elicit rice defenses.
J Integr Plant Biol
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding & Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Upon recognizing elicitors derived from herbivores, many plants activate specific defenses. Most of the elicitors identified thus far are from the oral secretions and egg-laying fluids of herbivores; in contrast, herbivore fecal excreta have been sparsely studied in this context. In this study, we identified elicitors in the frass of the striped stem borer (SSB; Chilo suppressalis) larvae using a combination of molecular and chemical analyses, bioactivity tests and insect performance bioassays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCaspase 3-specific cleavage of ubiquitin-specific peptidase 48 enhances drug-induced apoptosis in AML.
Cancer Biol Ther
December 2025
National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, Department of Hematology, Precision Medical Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
Dysfunction or dysregulation of deubiquitination is closely related to the initiation and development of multiple cancers. Targeted regulation of deubiquitination has been recognized as an important strategy in tumor therapy. However, the mechanism by which drugs regulate deubiquitinase is not clear.
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