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Antimicrobial drug use in primary healthcare clinics: a retrospective evaluation.
Int J Infect Dis
November 2016
Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, KPJ Healthcare University College, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Electronic address:
Objectives: To examine the appropriateness of antibiotics prescribed for acute infection based on the Malaysian national antibiotic guidelines and the defined daily dose (DDD) system of the World Health Organization (WHO). This study also aimed to describe the factors influencing the drug use pattern and to investigate the procurement patterns of antibiotics in the primary healthcare setting.
Methods: A retrospective cohort follow-up study of randomly selected patients from all patients who received any antibiotic between January and December 2013 was conducted at three primary healthcare clinics in Selangor State of Malaysia.
Ceftibuten. A review of its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetic properties and clinical efficacy.
Drugs
May 1994
Adis International Limited, Auckland, New Zealand.
Ceftibuten is an orally active third generation cephalosporin which has a broad spectrum of in vitro antibacterial activity, encompassing the majority of Gram-negative pathogens and streptococci, and which shows greater stability than several other cephalosporins against bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. In clinical studies, ceftibuten (generally 400 mg/day in adults or 9 mg/kg/day in children, administered once daily) was effective in the treatment of acute uncomplicated or complicated urinary tract infections, demonstrating an efficacy similar to that of cefaclor (1500 mg/day), and similar or superior to that of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; 8/40 mg/kg/day) in children. The majority of patients with acute or chronic lower respiratory tract infections responded to treatment with ceftibuten, and response rates were similar to those achieved with cefaclor (750 or 1500 mg/day).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe microbial etiology and antimicrobial therapy of adults with acute community-acquired sinusitis: a fifteen-year experience at the University of Virginia and review of other selected studies.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
September 1992
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville 22908.
Pretreatment sinus puncture was performed on 339 patients with acute community-acquired sinusitis (ACAS) between 1975 and 1990. Bacterial species recovered in titers of greater than or equal to 10(4) colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) from 383 sinus aspirates included Streptococcus pneumoniae, 92 (41%); Haemophilus influenzae, 79 (35%); anaerobes, 17 (7%); streptococcal species, 16 (7%); Moraxella catarrhalis, 8 (4%); Staphylococcus aureus, 7 (33%); and other, 8 (4%). Viruses (rhinovirus, parainfluenza virus, and influenza virus) and fungi (Aspergillus, zygomycoses, Phaeohyphomycis, Pseudallescheria, and Hyalohyphomycis) have also been reported to cause ACAS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMeasuring the comparative efficacy of antibacterial agents for acute otitis media: the "Pollyanna phenomenon".
J Pediatr
January 1992
Department of Pediatrics, New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111.
In randomized, double-blind trials of antibiotic therapy for acute otitis media that determined both clinical and bacteriologic outcomes, clinical success rates were (93%) 236 of 253 for patients with bacteriologic success, (62%) 25 of 40 for those with bacteriologic failure, and (80%) 124 of 155 for those with nonbacterial acute otitis media. These rates were used to calculate the effectiveness of three strategies for assessing drug efficacy: (1) tympanocentesis and culture before and during therapy (bacteriologic efficacy), (2) tympanocentesis before therapy and assessment of clinical efficacy in bacterial acute otitis media, and (3) no tympanocentesis and assessment of clinical efficacy in clinical (total) acute otitis media. For a drug with a bacteriologic efficacy of 100%, calculated clinical efficacy was 93% for bacterial acute otitis media and 89% for clinical acute otitis media.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo cases of acquired syphilis with acute central chorioretinitis as initial manifestation.
Jpn J Ophthalmol
January 1993
Department of Ophthalmology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
Acquired syphilis has become an overlooked cause of posterior uveitis including chorioretinitis. Two male cases of bilateral acute acquired syphilitic chorioretinitis were observed, one of whom demonstrated an early delay of choroidal circulation during fluorescein angiography, possibly indicating the choroidal or subretinal neovascular proliferation which occurred later. Although both patients had been treated with oral prednisone for approximately one month before their initial visit to our clinic, good visual recovery had not been achieved.
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