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Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a serious parasitic infectious disease that is highly invasive and destructive to the liver and has a high mortality rate. However, currently, there is no effective targeted imaging and treatment method for the precise detection and therapy of AE. We proposed a new two-step targeting strategy (TSTS) for AE based on poly(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA).

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Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by sensu lato. Diagnosing CE primarily relies on imaging techniques, and there is a crucial need for an objective laboratory test to enhance the diagnostic process. Today, cell-free DNAs (cfDNAs) have gained importance regarding their biomarker potential.

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Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a chronic disabling parasitic zoonosis, poses a great threat to public health and livestock production and causes huge economic losses globally. The commercial Quil-A-adjuvanted Eg95 vaccine was empirically effective for CE control; however, it is expensive and has side effects and insufficient immunity.

Purpose: This study aimed to employ a novel adjuvant consisting of a delivery system and an immune potentiator and assess its adjuvanticity to Eg95 antigen, thereby developing a safe and cost-effective novel vaccine against the disease.

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Cystic and alveolar echinococcosis are severe zoonotic diseases characterized by long asymptomatic periods lasting months or years. Viable Echinococcus spp. eggs released into the environment through the feces of canids can infect humans through accidental ingestion via hand-to-mouth contact or consumption of contaminated food or water.

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