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More Complex Investigations Improved Diagnoses of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children With Different Vaccination Histories.
Acta Paediatr
January 2025
Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Karaganda Medical University, Karaganda, Republic of Kazakhstan.
Aim: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) significantly contributes to high infant mortality in Kazakhstan and developing effective treatment methods is critical. The aim of this study was to explore the microbiological and immunological characteristics of CAP in vaccinated and unvaccinated paediatric patients.
Methods: The study was carried out in the Regional Children's Clinical Hospital and the research centre of Karaganda Medical University, Republic of Kazakhstan.
PET/CT guided tuberculosis treatment shortening: a randomized trial.
medRxiv
October 2024
Tuberculosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Six months of chemotherapy using current agents is standard of care for pulmonary, drug-sensitive tuberculosis (TB), even though some are believed to be cured more rapidly and others require longer therapy. Understanding what factors determine the length of treatment required for durable cure in individual patients would allow individualization of treatment durations, provide better clinical tools to determine the of appropriate duration of new regimens, as well as reduce the cost of large Phase III studies to determine the optimal combinations to use in TB control programs. We conducted a randomized clinical trial in South Africa and China that recruited 704 participants with newly diagnosed, drug-sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis and stratified them based on radiographic disease characteristics as assessed by FDG PET/CT scan readers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssessment of bacteriological and immunological markers in urinary tract infection and the effect of antibiotics on the isolated bacteria.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
January 2025
Laboratory of Plant Improvement and Valorization of Agro-resources, National School of Engineers of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax LR.16ES20, Tunisia.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are recognized as the second most common medical condition, following respiratory infections. Despite the availability of numerous efficacious antibiotics for the management of UTIs, the rising incidence of bacterial resistance presents significant challenges in the treatment of these infections. Bacteria are endowed with the ability to reproduce and develop resistance mechanisms against antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLevofloxacin for the Prevention of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Vietnam.
N Engl J Med
December 2024
From the Faculty of Medicine and Health (G.J.F., P.N.Y., E.L.M., H.M.Y., E.G.-R., P.D.C., B.J.M., N.T.A.), the Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute (B.J.M.), and Sydney Medical School (H.M.Y.), University of Sydney, and Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District (G.J.F.), Camperdown, NSW, the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Macquarie Park, NSW (G.J.F., N.C.B., P.N.Y., P.D.C., N.T.A., G.B.M.), the School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool (F.L.G.), and the Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne (S.M.G.), and the Division of Global Health, Burnet Institute (G.B.M.), Melbourne, VIC - all in Australia; the University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University (N.V.N.), and the National Lung Hospital, Ba Dinh District (N.B.H., N.K.C.), Hanoi, and Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City (N.H.L.) - all in Vietnam; the Departments of Medicine (A.B., O.S., M.A.B., D.M.), Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health (A.B., M.A.B., D.M.), and Microbiology and Immunology (O.S., M.A.B.), McGill University, Montreal; and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore (D.W.D.).
Background: Prevention of drug-resistant tuberculosis is a global health priority. However, trials evaluating the effectiveness of treating infection among contacts of persons with drug-resistant tuberculosis are lacking.
Methods: We conducted a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing 6 months of daily levofloxacin (weight-based doses) with placebo to treat infection.
Nucleotide sequence variants, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with bacterial diarrhea susceptibility in Barki lambs.
BMC Vet Res
October 2024
Department of Animal Health and Poultry, Animal and Poultry Production Division, Desert Research Center (DRC), Cairo, Egypt.
Article Synopsis
- - Diarrhea in lambs, a critical health issue in ovine medicine, leads to substantial economic losses due to high mortality rates and treatment costs, with Salmonella and enterotoxigenic E. coli as primary causes.
- - The study aimed to analyze genetic variations, gene expression, and biomarkers related to inflammation and oxidative stress in lambs with diarrhea, alongside identifying different strains of the pathogens involved.
- - Results indicated the presence of specific virulence genes associated with E. coli and Salmonella in all diarrheic lambs, as well as identified genetic markers related to immune response, antioxidant activity, and gastrointestinal health.
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