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Loss of facial features can result from a variety of traumatic events. Throughout history, humans have worked to develop materials and methods to repair such defects. Epithesis first appeared in medical literature in the 16th century.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Forehead shape in "Toulouse" artificial skull deformations].
Ann Chir Plast Esthet
November 2024
Service de chirurgie maxillofaciale et chirurgie plastique, hôpital Necker-Enfants-malades, laboratoire forme et croissance du crâne, institut Imagine, faculté de médecine, AP-HP, université Paris Cité, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Artificial skull deformations were performed in all cultures since Prehistoric times using external devices, to permanently modify the shape of the head of newborns. Two types of deformations are reported: (1) antero-posterior deformations ("flat heads") and (2) circumferential deformations ("long heads"). Deformation devices exert mechanical forces on the forehead and the occiput: forehead shape is thus a major source of information for diagnosis, classification and on the culture significance of artificial skull deformations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSearching for alternative high DNA-yielding bone types for DNA analysis of aged skeletal remains.
Forensic Sci Int
September 2024
Institute of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova 2, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Electronic address:
The petrous bone contains significantly higher amounts of DNA than any other human bone. Because of highly destructive sampling and because it is not always part of the recovered remains, the need for alternative sources of DNA is important. To identify additional optimal bone types, petrous bones were compared to femurs, tali, and calcanei sampled from 66 adult skeletons from two distinct modern-era Christian cemeteries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in paranasal sinus volumes, temporal bone pneumatization, internal acoustic canal and olfactory cleft dimensions over the centuries: a comparison of skulls from different epochs in Anatolia.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
November 2024
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, General Dr. Tevfik Sağlam Street, No:1, Etlik/Ankara, 06010, Turkey.
Objectives: Investigating changes in temporal bone pneumatization (TBP) and paranasal sinus volumes (PSV) across different eras may help understanding not only changes in skull anatomy but also pathophysiology of chronic otitis media and sinusitis, respectively, which are common health problems.
Methods: Eight skulls from the second century AD, 20 skulls were from the 10th-11th centuries AD, 20 skulls from the 16th-19th centuries AD, and 60 contemporary skulls were included in this cross-sectional observational study. Using computerized tomography (CT) scans, the PSV were calculated by multiplying the height, width, and antero-posterior distance of the sinuses.
Mandibular bone mass density in a medieval population and its relationship with stable isotopes δ13C and δ15N.
Odontology
January 2025
Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
The aim of this study was to compare the level of bone mass in digital orthopantomograms in two populations (medieval and current) using two radiomorphometric indexes, and to correlate the mandibular bone mass value, in the medieval mandible population, with stable isotope data δ13C and δ15N. An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study on mandibles from two diachronic groups, 15 mandibles from the medieval settlement of La Torrecilla (Granada, Spain) and 15 mandibles from current patients at the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Granada (Spain), matched by age and sex was conducted. The bone mass density was determined using the Mandibular Cortical Width Index (MCW) and the Mandibular Panoramic Index (PMI) in digital panoramic radiographs.
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