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Single Exposure to Low-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Causes Biphasic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier Through Secondary Mechanisms.
Pharmaceutics
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University School of Pharmacy, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is selectively permeable, but it also poses significant challenges for treating CNS diseases. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LiFUS), paired with microbubbles is a promising, non-invasive technique for transiently opening the BBB, allowing enhanced drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the downstream physiological effects following BBB opening, particularly secondary responses, are not well understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNa-K-ATPase/GLT-1 interaction participates in EGCG protection against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.
Phytomedicine
January 2025
Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Department of Pathophysiology, Neuroscience Research Center, The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Medical University, 361 Zhongshan East Road, Shijiazhuang 050017, China. Electronic address:
Background: In China, stroke is the primary cause of adult death and disability. Because of the increased rate of blood vessel reperfusion, it is important to prevent cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, in which glutamate (Glu) excitotoxicity plays a critical role. The most important Glu transporter, GLT-1, is essential for the regulation of Glu, which is dependent on Na-K-ATPase (NKA)-induced ion concentration gradient differences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSPOCK2 controls the proliferation and function of immature pancreatic β-cells through MMP2.
Exp Mol Med
January 2025
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 6, Poznan, 61-614, Poland.
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (SC-β-cells) represent an alternative cell source for transplantation in diabetic patients. Although mitogens could in theory be used to expand β-cells, adult β-cells very rarely replicate. In contrast, newly formed β-cells, including SC-β-cells, display higher proliferative capacity and distinct transcriptional and functional profiles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFKidney Gastrin/CCKBR Attenuates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting SGLT2-Mediated Glucose Reabsorption through Erk/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.
Diabetes Metab J
December 2024
Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC), and Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Beijing, China.
Background: Both sodium-glucose cotransporters (SGLTs) and Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs) rely on a favorable Na-electrochemical gradient. Gastrin, through the cholecystokinin B receptor (CCKBR), can induce natriuresis and diuresis by inhibiting renal NHEs activity. The present study aims to unveil the role of renal CCKBR in diabetes through SGLT2-mediated glucose reabsorption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulatory T cell expansion prevents retinal degeneration in type 2 diabetes.
J Neuroinflammation
December 2024
Diabetes and Metabolism Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.
Background: The global incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing, with retinopathy being its most common complication and a leading cause of preventable blindness. Although the precise mechanisms involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy (DR) are not fully understood, defective immunomodulation is a recognized key factor in its pathophysiology. Regulatory T cells (Treg) regulate inflammation and promote regeneration, and while they are known to have important anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles in other tissues, including central nervous system, their role in the diabetic retina remains largely unknown.
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