Several outpatient health maintenance programs were developed by CNSs that resulted in quality improvement and cost savings. Common implementation strategies, barriers to implementation, marketing issues and techniques, and revenue generation issues were found. An outpatient consultation model was used to expand enterostomal therapy and diabetic teaching services. Education and support programs include a cardiac support group and community education classes on aging. Preadmission programs include physical therapy consultation for patients scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery. Outpatient programs facilitate continuity of care in a managed care format, promote cost savings, and provide unique services that encourage patients to return to our hospital, thereby increasing market share. Key barriers encountered include inconsistent or ambiguous administrative support, budgetary constraints, lack of collaboration, communication problems, facility limitations, funding considerations, resource allocation, and territoriality. The programs are consistent with the change in focus of health care from treatment to prevention.
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