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Profile of Perinatal Infections Among Abandoned Neonates Admitted in a Tertiary Hospital in Oman.
Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J
November 2024
Department of Child Health.
Objectives: Little is known about the profile of perinatal infections among abandoned neonates, and there are no specific evidence-based guidelines on how to screen and manage these neonates. This study aimed to report the rate of perinatal infections among abandoned babies managed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH), Muscat, Oman, over 15 years (2006-2021).
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included all abandoned babies admitted at SQUH from January 2006 to December 2021.
Experience of the national cohort of pregnant women with HIV and their children in Spain: temporal trends in vertical transmission of HIV and associated infections.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed)
October 2024
CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Salud Pública y Materno-Infantil, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
Article Synopsis
- The vertical transmission rate (VTR) of HIV in Spain is now under 2%, but perinatal infections still happen, highlighting the need for ongoing efforts in prevention.
- A study involving 414 mother-child pairs found that most mothers were immigrants, predominantly contracted HIV through heterosexual transmission, and 98% received antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy.
- The study reported a very low VTR, with only 3 cases of transmission, showing that while the situation has improved significantly, early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial for preventing infections.
Characterizing HIV drug resistance in cases of vertical transmission in the VESTED randomized antiretroviral treatment trial.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr
August 2024
Department of Global Infectious Diseases, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 307 Westlake Ave N, Seattle, 98109, Washington, USA.
Article Synopsis
- - VESTED (NCT03048422) compared the safety and effectiveness of three antiretroviral therapy regimens in pregnant and postpartum women with HIV, finding a low vertical transmission rate of 0.60% among infants.
- - The study analyzed data from 2018 to 2020, enrolling women in early pregnancy and measuring outcomes up to 50 weeks postpartum, focusing on HIV drug resistance in cases of transmission.
- - Results revealed that mothers taking efavirenz-based treatment prior to switching to dolutegravir likely contributed to the transmission of specific HIV drug resistance mutations to their infants, despite prophylactic treatment.
Effects of individual drug and combination antiretroviral therapy on trophoblast proliferation.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol
July 2024
Division of Medical Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, SAMRC/UCT Gynaecological Cancer Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
Background: Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been reported to reduce perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and improve maternal survival outcomes. Recent studies have associated in-utero exposure to cART drugs with adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, preterm delivery, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age births. However, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying cART-induced adverse pregnancy outcomes remain poorly defined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPregnancy Management in HIV Viral Controllers: Twenty Years of Experience.
Pathogens
April 2024
Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.
Article Synopsis
- The study looked at how women in the UK with HIV managed their pregnancies, especially those who can keep their virus levels very low without treatment.
- It compared pregnancies before and after 2012 when new guidelines changed how HIV was treated during pregnancy.
- Even with the changes in treatment, there were no new cases of HIV passed to babies, and the way babies were delivered varied quite a bit in recent years.
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