Mathematical indices describing metabolic control of the diabetic patients during a short-term (24 hours) monitoring period have been reviewed. Two groups of indices were selected: those related to the glucose level and those related to the glycaemia variations. Then a presentation of the most universal mathematical index, which is presently used in clinical practice, -M value - was performed. Due to certain discrepancies related to several versions of the M-index, an analysis of all variants (M80, M90, M100, M120) had been carried out. It was found that comparison of the M values calculated based on different glucose reference levels led to totally different results. Analysis indicated that for the considered profiles the best description of the glycaemic state can be obtained when levels of 80 mg/dl (M80) and 90 mg/dl (M90) are applied.
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Drug Metab Dispos
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. Electronic address:
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of small molecules have become mainstream in drug development and in academic research. The use of PBPK models is continuously expanding, with the majority of work now focusing on predictions of drug-drug interactions, drug-disease interactions, and changes in drug disposition across lifespan. Recently, publications that use PBPK modeling to predict drug disposition during pregnancy and in organ impairment have increased reflecting the advances in incorporating diverse physiologic changes into the models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Graduate Program of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Background: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition emerging in early childhood, characterized by core features such as sociocommunicative deficits and repetitive, rigid behaviors, interests, and activities. In addition to these, disruptive behaviors (DB), including aggression, self-injury, and severe tantrums, are frequently observed in pediatric patients with ASD. The atypical antipsychotics risperidone and aripiprazole, currently the only Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for severe DB in patients with ASD, often encounter therapeutic failure or intolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Endovasc Ther
January 2025
Department of Vascular Surgery, Rijnstate, Arnhem, The Netherlands.
Purpose: The goal of the study described in this protocol is to build a multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) model to predict abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) shrinkage 1 year after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).
Methods: In this retrospective observational multicenter study, approximately 1000 patients will be enrolled from hospital records of 5 experienced vascular centers. Patients will be included if they underwent elective EVAR for infrarenal AAA with initial assisted technical success and had imaging available of the same modality preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up (CTA-CTA or US-US).
Value Health
January 2025
School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, Co. Antrim, Belfast.
Objectives: Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is an accepted approach to evaluate cancer screening programmes. CEA estimates partially depend on modelling methods and assumptions used. Understanding common practice when modelling cancer relies on complete, accessible descriptions of prior work.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJMIR Res Protoc
January 2025
Data and Web Science Group, School of Business Informatics and Mathematics, University of Manneim, Mannheim, Germany.
Background: The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs), such as Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT; Google) and GPT (OpenAI), has introduced significant advancements in natural language processing. These models are increasingly integrated into various applications, including mental health support. However, the credibility of LLMs in providing reliable and explainable mental health information and support remains underexplored.
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