Effects of laser photocoagulation on corneal neovascularization in rabbits.

Background: Corneal neovascularization is a common clinical entity. Although visual acuity is usually impaired and corneal function compromised, there has been only limited success in the clinical management of this condition. We evaluated the efficacy of laser photocoagulation of neovascularization in the rabbit cornea.

Methods: New vessel formation was provoked by the placement of sutures in the corneas. Rose bengal was injected intravenously and new vessels in the upper part of the corneas were treated with an argon laser. The lower halves were used as controls. Eighteen rabbits were divided into 2 groups. In group A neovascularization was treated 28 days after suture removal, when corneal inflammation had regressed. In group B treatment was performed 3 days after suture removal, when the cornea still exhibited marked inflammation. Postoperatively, the corneas were studied by slit-lamp microscopy, fluorescein angiography, and light, as well as electron microscopy.

Results: In group A, treatment led to the immediate occlusion of the vessels and to their gradual disappearance during the course of 3 months. In group B, no occlusion was seen during the 3-month follow-up period. The main histologic findings in the occluded vessels were endothelial cell disruption and degeneration, and the formation of clots.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that argon laser photocoagulation using rose bengal is an effective method of occluding corneal new vessels, providing there is no corneal inflammation at the time of treatment.