It is demonstrated that the abundance of bactericidal compounds in the salivary cement plug of ixodid ticks is changing under the influence of virulent tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) reproduction in their bodies. TBEV infected Ixodes persulcatus cement plug-forming lytic zone size enlarged in comparison with the naive tick one whereas Micrococcus lysodeikticus lytic zones induced by the cement plug of TBEV infected Amblyomma hebraeum nymphs or Rhipicephalus appendiculatus females reduced compared with produced by noninfected specimens. It is supposed that increasing of the lysozyme that production by the main TBEV vectors (Ixodinae ticks) infected salivary gland cells in comparison with suppression of the bactericidal qualities of saliva of the ticks which are not TBEV vectors in the nature (Amblyomminae ticks) is one of markers of the specificity of I. persulcatus-TBE virus interface.
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Parasit Vectors
January 2025
Faculty of Geography, Environmental Informatics, University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032, Marburg, Hessen, Germany.
Background: Ticks are the primary vectors of numerous zoonotic pathogens, transmitting more pathogens than any other blood-feeding arthropod. In the northern hemisphere, tick-borne disease cases in humans, such as Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis, have risen in recent years, and are a significant burden on public healthcare systems. The spread of these diseases is further reinforced by climate change, which leads to expanding tick habitats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Global Vaccines and Anti-infectives Medical Affairs, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA, USA.
Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an increasing health threat in Sweden and elsewhere in Europe. TBE vaccination is commonly recommended in Sweden, but limited data are available on uptake, effectiveness, and impact of TBE vaccination. General population surveys conducted in 2019-2022 were used to estimated TBE vaccine uptake.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Dev Ctries
December 2024
Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Introduction: Alkhumra hemorrhagic fever virus (AHFV) is a newly discovered virus in the Flaviviridae family. It was discovered in 1995 among animal handlers in Saudi Arabia. AHFV spreads through close contact with infected animals and tick bites.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Kyasanur forest disease virus (KFDV) is a tick-borne flavivirus causing debilitating and potentially fatal disease in people in the Western Ghats region of India. The transmission cycle is complex, involving multiple vector and host species, but there are significant gaps in ecological knowledge. Empirical data on pathogen-vector-host interactions and incrimination have not been updated since the last century, despite significant local changes in land use and the expansion of KFD to new areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitol Res
January 2025
Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-37005, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is flavivirus transmitted to the host via tick saliva which contains various molecules with biological impacts. One of such molecules is Iristatin, a cysteine protease inhibitor from Ixodes ricinus that has been shown to have immunomodulatory properties. To characterize Iristatin in the relation to TBEV, we investigate whether this tick inhibitor has any capacity to influence TBEV infection.
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