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The State of Surrogacy in New York: A New National Prototype, New Patrons, New Perils?
J Med Humanit
December 2024
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Article Synopsis
- The text discusses the evolution of the infertility industry in New York since the Baby M case, highlighting the rise of gestational carrier pregnancies and compensated surrogacy in various states due to advanced reproductive technologies.
- It notes that the USA has become a popular destination for international couples seeking surrogacy, driven by strong medical care, available gestational carriers, and citizenship benefits for children born through these arrangements.
- The author critiques the Child-Parent Security Act of 2021, pointing out the lack of strong regulations that protect gestational carriers and donor-conceived offspring, raising concerns about health risks, informed consent, and the market-driven nature of compensated surrogacy.
Researchers and practitioners are increasingly using machine-generated synthetic data as a tool for advancing health science and practice, by expanding access to health data while-potentially-mitigating privacy and related ethical concerns around data sharing. While using synthetic data in this way holds promise, we argue that it also raises significant ethical, legal, and policy concerns, including persistent privacy and security problems, accuracy and reliability issues, worries about fairness and bias, and new regulatory challenges. The virtue of synthetic data is often understood to be its detachment from the data subjects whose measurement data is used to generate it.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrecision medicine, which among other aspects includes an individual's genomic data in diagnosis and management, has become the standard-of-care for Mendelian cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, early identification and management of asymptomatic patients with potentially lethal and manageable Mendelian CVD through screening, which is the promise of precision health, remains an unsolved challenge. The reduced costs of genomic sequencing have enabled the creation of biobanks containing in-depth genetic and health information, which have facilitated the understanding of genetic variation, penetrance, and expressivity, moving us closer to the genotype-first screening of asymptomatic individuals for Mendelian CVD.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIreland's Mental Health Bill 2024: progress, problems and Procrustean perils.
Ir J Med Sci
December 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin 24, D24 NR0A, Ireland.
Background: Ireland's Mental Health Bill 2024 proposes the most significant revision of mental health legislation since the Mental Health Act 2001.
Aims: To explore the 2024 Bill and provide suggestions for the subsequent Act.
Methods: Review of the 2024 Bill and related literature.
What Do We Mean by Sharing of Patient Data? DaSH: A Data Sharing Hierarchy of Privacy and Ethical Challenges.
Appl Clin Inform
October 2024
Department of Biostatistics (Health Informatics), Bioethics Center, Information Society Project, Solomon Center for Health Law and Policy, Center for Biomedical Data Science, and Program for Biomedical Ethics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
Background: Clinical data sharing is common and necessary for patient care, research, public health, and innovation. However, the term "data sharing" is often ambiguous in its many facets and complexities-each of which involves ethical, legal, and social issues. To our knowledge, there is no extant hierarchy of data sharing that assesses these issues.
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