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Background: The Anticholinergic Risk Scale and Total Anticholinergic Load were developed to assess the risks associated with anticholinergic drugs. Recently, the Japan Anticholinergic Risk Scale was introduced; however, the total anticholinergic load for adverse events has not been clarified, and the criteria for risk assessment in clinical practice have not been established. In this study, we used data from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database provided by the Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency to determine the total anticholinergic load associated with reported adverse events related to anticholinergic syndrome.

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Protocol for a feasibility study evaluating a supported self-management intervention for stroke survivors with aphasia (StarStep study).

Pilot Feasibility Stud

January 2025

Academic Unit for Ageing and Stroke Research, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.

Background: There is a growing evidence base to support the use of self-management interventions for improving quality of life after stroke. However, stroke survivors with aphasia have been underrepresented in research to date. It is therefore unclear if self-management is an appropriate or effective approach for this group.

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Anxiety is known to significantly impair cognitive function, particularly attentional control. While exercise has been demonstrated to alleviate these cognitive deficits, the precise neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. This study examines the effects of exercise on attentional control in individuals with high trait anxiety, based on attentional control theory, which suggests that such individuals have reduced top-down attention.

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An updated systematic review with meta-analysis and meta-regression of the factors associated with human visceral leishmaniasis in the Americas.

Infect Dis Poverty

January 2025

Universidade Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ), Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu, Avenida Sebastião Gonçalves Coelho 400, Chanadour, Divinópolis, MG, Brazil.

Background: Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic disease with high case-fatality rates and a widespread distribution. Continuous evaluation of the risk factors for VL is essential to ensure the effective implementation of prevention and control measures. The present study reviews the factors associated with VL in the Americas.

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Background: Refugee women's reproductive health (RH) outcomes have been impacted by several factors, including experiencing war, lack of access to healthcare, and possible gender-based violence. After resettlement, low health literacy, financial difficulties, cultural and linguistic barriers, and unfamiliarity with the healthcare system also add to the preexisting barriers. Although several efforts have focused on health education and improving health literacy among refugee women, there has not been a validated tool to measure the effectiveness of these trainings and their possible impact.

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