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Effect of Coxsackievirus B4 Infection on the Thymus: Elucidating Its Role in the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes.
Microorganisms
May 2021
Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
The thymus gland is a primary lymphoid organ for T-cell development. Various viral infections can result in disturbance of thymic functions. Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) are important for the negative selection of self-reactive T-cells to ensure central tolerance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThymoproteasome-Expressing Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Confer Protective Anti-Tumor Immunity Cross-Priming of Endogenous Dendritic Cells.
Front Immunol
June 2021
Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Article Synopsis
- - Proteasomes play a crucial role in regulating cellular processes, including protein degradation and immune functions, with the immunoproteasome and thymoproteasome specifically involved in immune responses and T-cell development.
- - The study investigates whether engineered mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) expressing the thymoproteasome complex can serve as an innovative anti-cancer vaccine to activate CD8 T-cells, despite showing limited ability to present endogenous antigens due to low expression of key peptide-loading proteins.
- - Results indicate that while MSC-TPr can generate some anti-tumoral responses and effector memory T cells, enhancing this effect through clodronate treatment suggests a critical role of phagocytic cells in the
Interleukin-21 administration to aged mice rejuvenates their peripheral T-cell pool by triggering de novo thymopoiesis.
Aging Cell
April 2016
Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H3C 1J7, Canada.
The vaccination efficacy in the elderly is significantly reduced compared to younger populations due to thymic involution and age-related intrinsic changes affecting their naïve T-cell compartment. Interleukin (IL)-21 was recently shown to display thymostimulatory properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that its administration to ageing hosts may improve T-cell output and thus restore a competent peripheral T-cell compartment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEscape of pathogens from the host immune response by mutations and mimicry. Possible means to improve vaccine performance.
Med Hypotheses
November 2015
14 Impasse des Carpeaux, 94520 Perigny-sur-Yerres, France. Electronic address:
The ability of certain pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency, hepatitis C, herpes simplex, influenza viruses, Plasmodium falciparum, etc., to escape from host immune response is generally ascribed to high mutation rate of their genome. We challenge this assumption and propose that molecular mimicry of host antigens by these pathogens could also participate to this resistance.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHow Does Thymus Infection by Coxsackievirus Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes?
Front Immunol
July 2015
Department of Biomedical and Preclinical Sciences, GIGA-I 3 Center of Immunoendocrinology, GIGA Research Institute, University of Liege, Liege , Belgium.
Through synthesis and presentation of neuroendocrine self-antigens by major histocompatibility complex proteins, thymic epithelial cells (TECs) play a crucial role in programing central immune self-tolerance to neuroendocrine functions. Insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) is the dominant gene/polypeptide of the insulin family that is expressed in TECs from different animal species and humans. Igf2 transcription is defective in the thymus of diabetes-prone bio-breeding rats, and tolerance to insulin is severely decreased in Igf2 (-/-) mice.
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