The authors, based on the reviewed literature, call the attention to the main guidelines of the antimicrobial treatment of patients with impaired immunity with particular consideration to the patient with granulocytopenia. Individual evaluation is necessary in each of the cases according to tha nature and severity of the immunocompromised status, the localization of the infection and the type of the microorganism. The antimicrobial protocol in granulocytopenic, immunocompromised patients is extremely important in the cases of patients with fever of unknown origin. The main trends of the bacterial infections with emphasis on the reappearance of the gram positive cocci are evaluated. They describe the main types of the antimicrobial prophylaxis and the particular features of the organ-manifestations of the infections in the immunocompromised patients.
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