This report describes the response of normal human T cells to stimulation in vitro in the presence of nano-micromolar concentrations of cocaethylene. Thymidine incorporation by concanavalin A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was generally blunted by cocaethylene, albeit to different degrees depending upon the donor tested. The formation of concanavalin A-induced blast cells was decreased by increasing concentrations of cocaethylene. The production of interleukin-2 was also blunted in a dose-dependent fashion by cocaethylene, and this outcome was more consistently observed in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, compared to unseparated whole blood preparations. An inverse dose dependence was obtained in relation to the response of blast cells to recombinant human interleukin-2 in the presence of cocaethylene. These lines of evidence, taken together with our preliminary studies aimed at testing the effect of cocaethylene on the expression of certain membrane markers of activation (i.e., interleukin-2 receptor, transferrin receptor, serine aminopeptidase IV) and the expression of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (cyclin PCNA), suggest that cocaethylene modulates relatively early events following T cell stimulation probably related to the interleukin-2 system.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08923979509019759 | DOI Listing |
J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci
October 2024
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Italy; Centro Regionale Antidoping, Orbassano, Italy.
The increased use of drugs of abuse urges forensic toxicologists to create quick, simple, minimally invasive sampling techniques for biological fluids combined with analytical methods assuring accurate results. To this purpose, a method was developed aimed at quantifying 18 drugs of abuse and metabolites in DBS. Validation of the method was conducted by spiking blank whole blood with the analytes on Capitainer® B cards.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Test Anal
July 2024
Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva 4, Switzerland.
The use of differential mobility spectrometry at low pressure coupled to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-vDMS-MS) was investigated for the analysis of 13 drugs of abuse (DoA) including the following: cocaine, ecgonine methyl ester, cocaethylene, benzoylecgonine, norcocaine, tramadol, isomeric pairs of metabolites; O-desmethyl-cis-tramadol and N-desmethyl-cis-tramadol, and cannabinoids: Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, Δ-tetrahydrocannabidiol, 11-hydroxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-9carboxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 11-nor-9carboxy-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol glucuronide. Different parameters were optimized for isomeric separation, such as LC mobile phase composition (20%-100% methanol acetonitrile and isopropanol, flow rate: 8-100 μL/min) and DMS separation voltage. Methanol and acetonitrile significantly affected the compensation voltage of the analytes and improved DMS separation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHum Exp Toxicol
July 2024
Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
J Chromatogr A
August 2024
Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto CEP 14040-901, Brazil.
Widespread consumption of drugs of abuse worldwide has caused concern: it adversely affects public health, individual safety, and social structures. Experts are particularly alarmed because new psychoactive substances have been increasingly detected in biological samples. In recent years, several studies have focused on developing methods to identify psychoactive substances in alternative biological matrices, such as sweat.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDrug Test Anal
April 2024
Institute of Legal Medicine, University Medicine Charité, Berlin, Germany.
Combined use of alcohol and illicit drugs is a serious health and social problem. In this study, it was examined, whether a relationship between alcohol and drug abuse can be ascertained by comparison of alcohol marker and drug concentrations in hair. In the frame of a social support system for families with parental abuse of illicit drugs, hair samples were analyzed between 2011 and 2022 for methadone, heroin (6-acetylmorphine), cocaine, amphetamine, ecstasy (MDMA), cannabinoids (THC), and the alcohol markers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl palmitate (EtPa).
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