The indication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) from HLA identical siblings during the first remission of acute myeloblastic leukemia was discussed according to the results of BMT and chemotherapy study groups. The comparison of disease free survival between both groups was done, after selection biases such as risk factors and time of BMT were adjusted by multivariate analysis or matched-pair analysis. In conclusion, patients with more than one high risk factors for leukemia relapse, that is, high peripheral white blood cell count (PBC) (> 20,000/cmm) at diagnosis or more than two remission induction courses should be considered for BMT, and the indication of treatments for patients with no high risk factors should be determined depending on situations of the disease and patient's intention.
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