Synaptic reaccumulation of the neurotransmitter dopamine is mediated by the dopamine transporter (DAT), a member of the family of twelve transmembrane domain, sodium- and chloride-dependent neurotransmitter transporters. Several DAT features, including its exclusive expression in dopaminergic neurons, implication in cocaine action, and prominent role in the mechanisms of Parkinsonism-inducing neurotoxins, make understanding of the DAT gene of interest. Isolation and characterization of the human and mouse DAT genes has allowed elucidation of similarities between each and other members of this transporter gene family. Sequences 5' to transcriptional start sites contain G-C rich, TATA-less, CAAT-less regions with striking conservation between human and mouse gene flanking regions. These studies suggest sequence elements that are candidates to contribute to the dopamine transporter's dopaminergic cell-specific expression.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-328x(95)00018-n | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
One hundred thirty-four germ line PU.1 variants and the agammaglobulinemic patients carrying them.
Blood
January 2025
Division of Immunology and Allergy, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine; Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Leukopoiesis is lethally arrested in mice lacking the master transcriptional regulator PU.1. Depending on the animal model, subtotal PU.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the Myelin Ratio from First Principles, Its Derivation, Uses and Artifacts.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
In light of the increasing importance for measuring myelin ratios - the ratio of axon-to-fiber (axon + myelin) diameters in myelin internodes - to understand normal physiology, disease states, repair mechanisms and myelin plasticity, there is urgent need to minimize processing and statistical artifacts in current methodologies. Many contemporary studies fall prey to a variety of artifacts, reducing study outcome robustness and slowing development of novel therapeutics. Underlying causes stem from a lack of understanding of the myelin ratio, which has persisted more than a century.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiverse autoinhibitory mechanisms of FIIND-containing proteins: Insight into regulation of NLRP1 and CARD8 inflammasome.
PLoS Pathog
January 2025
Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity, and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Function-to-find domain (FIIND)-containing proteins, including NLRP1 and CARD8, are vital components of the inflammasome signaling pathway, critical for the innate immune response. These proteins exist in various forms due to autoproteolysis within the FIIND domain, resulting in full-length (FL), cleaved N-terminal (NT), and cleaved C-terminal (CT) peptides, which form autoinhibitory complexes in the steady state. However, the detailed mechanism remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZDHHC2 promoted antimycobacterial responses by selective autophagic degradation of B-RAF and C-RAF in macrophages.
Sci Adv
January 2025
Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
S-Palmitoylation is a reversible post-translational modification involving saturated fatty acid palmitate-to-cysteine linkage in the protein, which guides many aspects of macrophage physiology in health and disease. However, the precise role and underlying mechanisms of palmitoylation in infection of macrophages remain elusive. Here, we found that infection induced the expression of zinc-finger DHHC domain-type palmitoyl-transferases (ZDHHCs), particularly ZDHHC2, in mouse macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSecondary metabolites of Alternaria alternate appraisal of their SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory and anti-inflammatory potentials.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
This study identifies the secondary metabolites from Alternaria alternate and evaluates their ACE-2: Spike RBD (SARS-CoV-2) inhibitory activity confirmed via immunoblotting in human lung microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, their in vitro anti-inflammatory potential was assessed using a cell-based assay in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!