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The Effect of Perineural Adjuvants on Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Blocks in Cardiac Surgery: A Triple-Blinded Randomized Controlled Feasibility Trial.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, USA.
Background and aim The study aimed to investigate the effect of adding perineural adjuvants, clonidine and dexamethasone, to local anesthetic in Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane (SPIP) blocks. It was designed as a prospective, randomized, triple-blinded, feasibility trial, conducted at a single-center university hospital. The participants included adult patients who were undergoing cardiac surgery via median sternotomy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Comparative Study of Nalbuphine, Clonidine, and Dexmedetomidine as Adjuvants to Ropivacaine in Epidural Anesthesia for Lower Limb Surgery.
Cureus
December 2024
Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Uttar Pradesh University of Medical Sciences, Etawah, IND.
Background: In epidural anaesthesia, the addition of an adjuvant to local anaesthetics enhances the efficacy, thereby providing increased duration and intensity of blockade in lower limb surgeries. The aim was to compare the efficacy, onset, and duration of sensory and motor blockade; haemodynamic changes; and sedative and analgesic effects of nalbuphine, clonidine, and dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in epidural anaesthesia.
Methodology: A prospective, randomised, double-blind study among 90 patients after taking consent was divided into three groups (30 patients each; Group D received 15 ml of 0.
Effect of Clonidine on Duration of High-Volume, Low-Concentration Caudal Epidurals.
Cureus
December 2024
Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Caudal blocks are a pediatric anesthesia technique used to manage pain after circumcision; this study aimed to compare the duration of the block when using a high-volume, low-concentration (HVLC) local anesthetic with and without the addition of clonidine.
- The study included 129 children aged 0-3 years and measured the effectiveness of pain relief based on how long patients waited before needing additional acetaminophen; no significant differences were found between the clonidine and no-clonidine groups regarding pain management or emergence agitation.
- Overall, the addition of clonidine did not significantly improve the outcomes of HVLC caudal blocks for children undergoing circumcision.
Comparison of Bupivacaine plus Dexmedetomidine versus Bupivacaine plus Fentanyl for Caudal Block in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgery.
Mymensingh Med J
January 2025
Dr Md Khairul Kabir Khan, Junior Consultant, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
Different additives have been used to improve the duration and quality of analgesia of the local anaesthetic used in the single-dose caudal block technique, such as opioids, epinephrine, clonidine, neostigmine, etc. Dexmedetomidine is a potent and a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist having a sympatholytic, sedative, and analgesic effect and has been described as a safe and effective additive in many anaesthetic and analgesic techniques. Another agent is Fentanyl, a lipophilic opioid, is added frequently to local anaesthetics which least likely to cause respiratory depression when given extradurally, because of its high lipid solubility.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffect of vasoconstriction by dexmedetomidine in the mandible of rat.
J Dent Anesth Pain Med
December 2024
Department of Dental Anesthesiology, Ohu University, School of Dentistry, Fukushima, Japan.
Background: In recent years, dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been proposed as a useful vasoconstrictor for local anesthesia because it is less effective in circulation than clonidine of antihypertensive drugs. In addition, DEX is expected to act as a vasoconstrictor during local anesthesia. However, histomorphometric studies demonstrating that DEX exerts vasoconstrictive effects are lacking.
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