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De novo triplication at 1p36.23p36.22 further refines the dosage sensitive region of overlap in Setleis syndrome (focal facial dermal dysplasia type III).

Am J Med Genet A

June 2023

Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Setleis syndrome (SS), or focal facial dermal dysplasia type III (FFDD3, MIM #227260), is an autosomal recessive condition caused by biallelic loss-of-function variants in TWIST2. It is characterized by bitemporal atrophic skin lesions and distinctive facial features. Individuals with de novo or inherited duplication or triplication of the chromosomal region 1p36.

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Focal facial dermal dysplasias type III (FFDD III), commonly known as Setleis syndrome (SS; Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #227260), is a type of focal facial dermal dysplasia, characterized by bitemporal atrophic skin lesion. The homozygous mutations in the TWIST2 gene and copy number variants (CNV) at chromosome 1p36.22p36.

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Setleis syndrome, focal facial dermal dysplasia type III (FFDD3, MIM #227260), is characterized by scar-like bitemporal lesions and other ocular and facial dysmorphic features. The syndrome results from recessive mutations in the TWIST2 gene, encoding a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor or de novo genomic duplication or triplication, which include 1.3 Mb at 1p36.

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Focal facial dermal dysplasias (FFDD) are characterized by congenital bitemporal or preauricular atrophic skin lesions, and either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive inheritance. Setleis syndrome (SS), FFDD type III, is a severe form of FFDD with the ectodermal lesions plus other striking facial features. Autosomal recessive nonsense and frameshift mutations in TWIST2 have been found to cause SS in some but not all individuals.

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Setleis syndrome is characterized by bitemporal scar-like lesions and other characteristic facial features. It results from recessive mutations that truncate critical functional domains in the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, TWIST2, which regulates expression of genes for facial development. To date, only four nonsense or small deletion mutations have been reported.

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