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Prior vaccination prevents overactivation of innate immune responses during COVID-19 breakthrough infection.
Sci Transl Med
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
At this stage in the COVID-19 pandemic, most infections are "breakthrough" infections that occur in individuals with prior severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exposure. To refine long-term vaccine strategies against emerging variants, we examined both innate and adaptive immunity in breakthrough infections. We performed single-cell transcriptomic, proteomic, and functional profiling of primary and breakthrough infections to compare immune responses from unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals during the SARS-CoV-2 Delta wave.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA phytoplasma effector suppresses insect melanization immune response to promote pathogen persistent transmission.
Sci Adv
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Insect melanization triggered by the conversion of prophenoloxidase to active phenoloxidase via serine proteases (SPs) is an important immediate immune response. However, how phytoplasmas evade this immune response to promote their propagation in insect vectors remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that infection of leafhopper vectors with rice orange leaf phytoplasma (ROLP) activates the mild melanization response in hemolymph.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnraveling the metabolic landscape of Exophiala spinifera strain FM: Model reconstruction, insights into biodesulfurization and beyond.
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Exophiala spinifera strain FM, a black yeast and melanized ascomycete, shows potential for oil biodesulfurization by utilizing dibenzothiophene (DBT) as its sole sulfur source. However, the specific pathway and enzymes involved in this process remain unclear due to limited genome sequencing and metabolic understanding of E. spinifera.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe genetic architecture of resistance to flubendiamide insecticide in Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner).
PLoS One
January 2025
Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Insecticide resistance is a major problem in food production, environmental sustainability, and human health. The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera is a globally distributed crop pest affecting over 300 crop species. H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMechanistic and bibliometric insights into -mediated biofilm regulation and its strategic role in food safety applications.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-Si, Republic of Korea.
Biofilm, complex structures formed by microorganisms within an extracellular polymeric matrix, pose significant challenges in the sector by harboring dangerous pathogens and complicating decontamination, thereby increasing the risk of foodborne illnesses. This article provides a comprehensive review of the sigma factor, 's role in biofilm development, specifically in gram-negative bacteria, and how the genetic, environmental, and regulatory elements influence activity with its critical role in bacterial stress responses. Our findings reveal that is a pivotal regulator of biofilm formation, enhancing bacterial survival in adverse conditions.
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