By extending the formalism previously developed for the design of unshielded, biplanar gradient coils, shielded biplanar B0 coils optimized for homogeneity and either minimum energy or minimum power may be designed. We present results from an integrated approach to shielded biplanar coil design, the results of which are also applicable to gradient coils, enabling the design of shielded coils with a concomitant decrease in total inductance of the coil. Length constraints are also included in the integrated minimization procedure. Results from a preliminary design indicate that high-homogeneity, low-impedance, well-shielded coils result from this design approach.
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Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Theoretical Electrical Engineering and Diagnostics of Electrical Equipment, Institute of Electrodynamics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteyskiy, 56, Kyiv-57, Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine.
In this paper, a comprehensive energy management framework for microgrids that incorporates price-based demand response programs (DRPs) and leverages an advanced optimization method-Greedy Rat Swarm Optimizer (GRSO) is proposed. The primary objective is to minimize the generation cost and environmental impact of microgrid systems by effectively scheduling distributed energy resources (DERs), including renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind, alongside fossil-fuel-based generators. Four distinct demand response models-exponential, hyperbolic, logarithmic, and critical peak pricing (CPP)-are developed, each reflecting a different price elasticity of demand.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Sci (Weinh)
January 2025
School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Nethergate, Dundee, DD1 4HN, UK.
Ferrites are an essential material in modern industry due to their exceptional magnetic properties and high resistivity. Many applications of ferrites necessitate exposure to high energy electrons, particularly space science and particle accelerators, where charging, multipacting, and electron clouds (ECs) are major issues. ECs are of particular concern around the Ni/Zn soft ferrite kicker magnets as the large hadron collider (LHC) undergoes its high luminosity upgrade.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Chem Theory Comput
January 2025
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States.
A dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT+D) method has been developed. It includes a nonhybrid dispersionless generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional paired with a literature-parametrized dispersion function. The functional's 9 adjustable parameters were optimized using a training set of 589 benchmark interaction energies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNature
January 2025
Microsoft Research AI for Science, Cambridge, UK.
The design of functional materials with desired properties is essential in driving technological advances in areas like energy storage, catalysis, and carbon capture. Generative models provide a new paradigm for materials design by directly generating novel materials given desired property constraints, but current methods have low success rate in proposing stable crystals or can only satisfy a limited set of property constraints . Here, we present MatterGen, a model that generates stable, diverse inorganic materials across the periodic table and can further be fine-tuned to steer the generation towards a broad range of property constraints.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
January 2025
Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, 2713, Doha, Qatar.
Effective energy management is crucial in greenhouse farming to ensure efficient operations and optimal crop growth. This study investigates the energy autonomy-defined as the ratio of on-site energy generation to the total energy demand-of greenhouses equipped with semi-transparent photovoltaic (STPV) systems under two scenarios: with and without a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS). STPV systems are beneficial because they generate energy while still allowing enough light to pass through for healthy plant development.
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