The purpose of this study was to evaluate the changes in facial dimensions between 4 and 13 years of age and to provide normative standards that can be used for comparative purposes. The measurements were obtained from serial frontal and lateral photographs available on 20 subjects; 10 boys and 10 girls. The photographs were digitized and displayed on a computer monitor. Thirty-two landmarks were identified and 29 linear dimensions were measured. Analysis of variance was used to compare boys and girls and the repeated measure analysis (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the changes with age. From the findings, the conclusions were made as follows: (1) Proportionately, the total length of the face increased at a rate about two times that of the width of the face. (2) The changes in the dimensions of the eyes were the most stable of all the parameters measured. (3) There was a greater degree of variability in parameters directly affected by variations in facial growth patterns, e.g., chin prominence. The standard deviation was several times greater than the average increment of change. (4) The rates of growth for the vertical length and sagittal depth of the nose were twice as much as the rate of increase for the lateral width of the nose. (5) The incremental changes in the size of the lips were the most variable, but the total change in the vermillion length was the smallest of all the parameters measured. The standardized photographs from which the present measurements were obtained provide a unique opportunity to study facial growth and provides an accurate description of facial changes.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-5406(95)70036-6 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an ACT and compassion-based intervention for women with breast cancer: study protocol of two randomised controlled trials {1}.
Trials
January 2025
Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
Background: Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide and carries a considerable psychosocial burden. Interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and compassion-based approaches show promise in improving adjustment and quality of life in people with cancer. The Mind programme is an integrative ACT and compassion-based intervention tailored for women with breast cancer, which aims to prepare women for survivorship by promoting psychological flexibility and self-compassion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGenome-wide association studies in lettuce reveal the interplay of seed age, color, and germination under high temperatures.
Sci Rep
January 2025
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA.
Thermoinhibition, the suppression of seed germination by high temperatures, is an adaptive trait that ensures successful seedling establishment in natural environments. While beneficial for wild plants, thermoinhibition can adversely affect crop yields due to uneven and reduced germination rates, particularly in the face of climate change. To understand the genetic basis of thermoinhibition, we conducted a comprehensive genetic analysis of a diverse panel of Lactuca spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSkillful seasonal predictions of continental East-Asian summer rainfall by integrating its spatio-temporal evolution.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Institute of Artificial Intelligence for Meteorology, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China.
Skillful seasonal climate prediction is critical for food and water security over the world's heavily populated regions, such as in continental East Asia. Current models, however, face significant difficulties in predicting the summer mean rainfall anomaly over continental East Asia, and forecasting rainfall spatiotemporal evolution presents an even greater challenge. Here, we benefit from integrating the spatiotemporal evolution of rainfall to identify the most crucial patterns intrinsic to continental East-Asian rainfall anomalies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExploring transition states of protein conformational changes via out-of-distribution detection in the hyperspherical latent space.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Theoretical Chemistry Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
Identifying transitional states is crucial for understanding protein conformational changes that underlie numerous biological processes. Markov state models (MSMs), built from Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, capture these dynamics through transitions among metastable conformational states, and have demonstrated success in studying protein conformational changes. However, MSMs face challenges in identifying transition states, as they partition MD conformations into discrete metastable states (or free energy minima), lacking description of transition states located at the free energy barriers.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPreretinal abnormal tissue before and after pars plana vitrectomy in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a multimodal imaging study.
Br J Ophthalmol
January 2025
Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
Purpose: To quantitatively explore preretinal abnormal tissue (PAT) in macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) before and after surgery.
Methods: In this case-series study, PAT was detected by en-face optical coherence tomography images with custom slabs in eyes that underwent pars plana vitrectomy and SF6 for macula-on RRD.Main outcome measures were PAT area at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up, and its relative change.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!