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Dynamics of cytokine and antibody responses in community versus hospital SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, United States.
Introduction: Dysregulated host cytokine responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection are a primary cause of progression to severe disease, whereas early neutralizing antibody responses are considered protective. However, there are gaps in understanding the early temporal dynamics of these immune responses, and the profile of productive immune responses generated by non-hospitalized people with mild infections in the community.
Methods: Here we conducted a prospective cohort study of people with suspected infections/exposures in the US state of North Carolina, before vaccine availability.
A Mouse Model of Ovalbumin-Induced Airway Allergy Exhibits Altered Localization of SARS-CoV-2-Susceptible Cells in the Lungs, Which Reflects Omicron BA.5 Infection Dynamics, Viral Mutations, and Immunopathology.
Microbiol Immunol
January 2025
Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan.
Asthma, an allergic disease of the airways, is a risk factor for severity of common respiratory viral infections; however, the relationship between asthma and severity in COVID-19 remains unclear. Here, we examined the effects of SARS-CoV-2 (Omicron BA.5 strain) infection in a mouse model of airway allergy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpatially resolved single-cell atlas unveils a distinct cellular signature of fatal lung COVID-19 in a Malawian population.
Nat Med
December 2024
School of Infection and Immunity, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Postmortem single-cell studies have transformed understanding of lower respiratory tract diseases (LRTDs), including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there are minimal data from African settings where HIV, malaria and other environmental exposures may affect disease pathobiology and treatment targets. In this study, we used histology and high-dimensional imaging to characterize fatal lung disease in Malawian adults with (n = 9) and without (n = 7) COVID-19, and we generated single-cell transcriptomics data from lung, blood and nasal cells. Data integration with other cohorts showed a conserved COVID-19 histopathological signature, driven by contrasting immune and inflammatory mechanisms: in US, European and Asian cohorts, by type I/III interferon (IFN) responses, particularly in blood-derived monocytes, and in the Malawian cohort, by response to IFN-γ in lung-resident macrophages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLow-dose IL-2 in birch pollen allergy: A phase-2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
J Allergy Clin Immunol
November 2024
Biotherapy Clinical Investigation Center (CIC-BTi) and Inflammation-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy Department (i2B), Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; Immunology-Immunopathology-Immunotherapy, Sorbonne Université, INSERM, UMR_S 959, Paris, France. Electronic address:
Background: Regulatory T (Treg) cells are pivotal in immune tolerance to allergens. Low-dose IL-2 (IL-2) activates Treg cells.
Objective: Our aim was to assess IL-2 efficacy for controlling clinical responses to allergen exposures.
Transient anti-interferon autoantibodies in the airways are associated with recovery from COVID-19.
Sci Transl Med
November 2024
Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Preexisting anti-interferon-α (anti-IFN-α) autoantibodies in blood are associated with susceptibility to life-threatening COVID-19. However, it is unclear whether anti-IFN-α autoantibodies in the airways, the initial site of infection, can also determine disease outcomes. In this study, we developed a multiparameter technology, FlowBEAT, to quantify and profile the isotypes of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and anti-IFN-α antibodies in longitudinal samples collected over 20 months from the airways and blood of 129 donors spanning mild to severe COVID-19.
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