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Background: Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) comprises 85% of cases with rising incidence among never-smokers (NS). This study seeks to compare clinical, imaging, pathology, and outcomes between NS and ever-smokers (S) NSCLC patients to identify significant differences if any.

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Background: Pulmonary carcinoids are rare neuroendocrine tumors accounting for less than 1% of all lung cancers. They are classified into two subcategories; typical and atypical carcinoids with the latter tending to grow faster. Historically, open thoracotomy was the standard approach for pulmonary resection.

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Article Synopsis
  • A young female patient experienced worsening right-sided chest pain and high-grade fever over 15 days, prompting a medical evaluation.
  • Physical exams showed tenderness and reduced air entry in her right lung, leading to imaging that revealed a pleural effusion and a chest wall mass.
  • After testing, instead of tuberculosis, the mass was diagnosed as Ewing's sarcoma, atypical for its usual presentation, highlighting the complexities of diagnosing rare conditions in TB-endemic areas.
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Biomedical scientists (BMS) can report sample adequacy during EBUS TBNA using rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE). Despite being able to report exfoliative samples such as pleural fluid cytology and bronchial washings, they are usually not permitted to offer a preliminary diagnostic impression of EBUS TBNA samples. Experienced biomedical scientists can provide a reliable diagnostic impression during ROSE for EBUS samples, with sensitivity and specificity comparable to cytopathologist reporting.

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