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Graph contrastive learning of subcellular-resolution spatial transcriptomics improves cell type annotation and reveals critical molecular pathways.
Brief Bioinform
November 2024
School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Qianjin Street 2699, 130010 Changchun, China.
Imaging-based spatial transcriptomics (iST), such as MERFISH, CosMx SMI, and Xenium, quantify gene expression level across cells in space, but more importantly, they directly reveal the subcellular distribution of RNA transcripts at the single-molecule resolution. The subcellular localization of RNA molecules plays a crucial role in the compartmentalization-dependent regulation of genes within individual cells. Understanding the intracellular spatial distribution of RNA for a particular cell type thus not only improves the characterization of cell identity but also is of paramount importance in elucidating unique subcellular regulatory mechanisms specific to the cell type.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUncovering novel KCC2 regulatory motifs through a comprehensive transposon-based mutant library.
Front Mol Neurosci
January 2025
Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Introduction: The neuron-specific K-Cl cotransporter KCC2 maintains low intracellular chloride levels, which are crucial for fast GABAergic and glycinergic neurotransmission. KCC2 also plays a pivotal role in the development of excitatory glutamatergic neurotransmission by promoting dendritic spine maturation. The cytoplasmic C-terminal domain (KCC2-CTD) plays a critical regulatory role in the molecular mechanisms controlling the cotransporter activity through dimerization, phosphorylation, and protein interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApelin/APJ system: a novel promising target for anti-oxidative stress in stroke.
Front Pharmacol
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
The apelin/APJ system has garnered increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the physiological and pathological mechanisms of the apelin/APJ system in stroke. The apelin/APJ system is widely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProminosomes - a particular class of extracellular vesicles containing prominin-1/CD133?
J Nanobiotechnology
January 2025
Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC) and Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-49, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
Extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) offer promising values in various medical fields, e.g., as biomarkers in liquid biopsies or as native (or bioengineered) biological nanocarriers in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and cancer therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFK1 channels enable myelinated axons to transmit spikes reliably without spiking ectopically.
J Neurosci
January 2025
Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Action potentials (spikes) are regenerated at each node of Ranvier during saltatory transmission along a myelinated axon. The high density of voltage-gated sodium channels required by nodes to reliably transmit spikes increases the risk of ectopic spike generation in the axon. Here we show that ectopic spiking is avoided because K1 channels prevent nodes from responding to slow depolarization; instead, axons respond selectively to rapid depolarization because K1 channels implement a high-pass filter.
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