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Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)-Based Lock-In Amplifier System with Signal Enhancement: A Comprehensive Review on the Design for Advanced Measurement Applications.
Sensors (Basel)
January 2025
Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali 21280, Mexico.
Lock-in amplifiers (LIAs) are critical tools in precision measurement, particularly for applications involving weak signals obscured by noise. Advances in signal processing algorithms and hardware synthesis have enabled accurate signal extraction, even in extremely noisy environments, making LIAs indispensable in sensor applications for healthcare, industry, and other services. For instance, the electrical impedance measurement of the human body, organs, tissues, and cells, known as bioelectrical impedance, is commonly used in biomedical and healthcare applications because it is non-invasive and relatively inexpensive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHigh-Sensitivity Detection of Chiro-Optical Effects in Single Nanoparticles by Four-Wave Mixing Interferometry.
ACS Photonics
January 2025
Cardiff University School of Physics and Astronomy, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom.
The field of chiral nanoparticles is rapidly expanding, yet measuring the chirality of single nano-objects remains a challenging endeavor. Here, we report a technique to detect chiro-optical effects in single plasmonic nanoparticles by means of phase-sensitive polarization-resolved four-wave mixing interferometric microscopy. Beyond conventional circular dichroism, the method is sensitive to the particle polarizability, in amplitude and phase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA recent advancement in distributed sensing known as the time-expanded phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (TE Φ-OTDR) addresses the trade-off between spatial resolution and detection bandwidth, enabling centimeter-scale resolution alongside RF detection bandwidth in the order of MHz. To date, TE Φ-OTDR approaches extract the fiber response from the first Nyquist zone (NZ). In this Letter, we propose a post-processing strategy to enhance the SNR by spectrally averaging different NZs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpintronic terahertz metasurface emission characterized by scanning near-field nanoscopy.
Nanophotonics
April 2024
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, and School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
Understanding the ultrafast excitation, detection, transportation, and manipulation of nanoscale spin dynamics in the terahertz (THz) frequency range is critical to developing spintronic THz optoelectronic nanodevices. However, the diffraction limitation of the sub-millimeter waves - THz wavelengths - has impaired experimental investigation of spintronic THz nano-emission. Here, we present an approach to studying laser THz emission nanoscopy from W|CoFeB|Pt metasurfaces with ∼60-nm lateral spatial resolution.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReal-time identification of multi-component periodic signals using Online Harmonics Extraction Approach.
ISA Trans
January 2025
Control and Simulation Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China. Electronic address:
To identify the frequency and amplitude of a periodic signal in real-time, a novel approach termed the "Online Harmonics Extraction Approach (OHEA)" is proposed in this paper. This method employs a notch filter with an adjustable center frequency to identify the frequency of periodic signals accurately. The computation of the envelope curve and phase-sensitive detection are combined to identify the signal amplitude and smooth out transient stages.
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