Examined long-term associations between otitis media with effusion (OME) during the first 5 years of life and patterns of intellectual development from 3-8 years and academic performance after 3 years in elementary school. Fifty-five socioeconomically disadvantaged children were studied prospectively between birth and 8 years. OME history was routinely documented from birth through 5 years during well and illness periods. Two aspects of children's OME experience were examined in relation to developmental outcomes: timing (whether the OME occurred during infancy vs. preschool years) and nature (whether the OME tended to be recurrent or persistent). Although OME during the first 5 years of life was not related to patterns of overall intellectual development between ages 3 and 8 years, recurrent OME during infancy was a negative predictor of teachers' ratings of children's task orientation/distractibility in the classroom. Results are interpreted in the context of the growing OME literature.
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