Expression of Clara cell 10-kD gene in the human endometrium and its relationship to ovarian menstrual cycle.

Clara cell 10-kD (cc10-kD) protein has been suggested to be the human counterpart of rabbit uteroglobin (UG). Like UG, this protein is also a potent inhibitor of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and a substrate of transglutaminase. Although it has been established that UG gene expression in the rabbit endometrium is stimulated by progesterone, the expression of cc10-kD gene in the human endometrium is not clearly understood. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the cc10-kD gene is expressed in the human endometrium and whether its level of expression changes in relation to the ovarian menstrual cycle. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate that the cc10-kD gene is expressed in different stages of the menstrual cycle and that the highest level of expression is reached during the luteal phase. These results suggest that like rabbit UG, cc10-kD gene expression in the human endometrium may be stimulated by progesterone. Since cc10-kD is a potent inhibitor of PLA2 activity, this protein may play an important physiological role in regulating eicosanoid levels in the human uterus.