Efficient antigen presentation requires the provision of a costimulatory signal, the best characterized of which is B7/BB1. It is unclear whether thyroid cells expressing class II molecules can present autoantigens to T cells, although this has been suggested as an important mechanism in the initiation of Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. We have found that thyroid cells from patients with thyroid autoimmunity do not express B7/BB1 in vivo or in vitro, even after activation with the cytokines interleukin-1 or gamma-interferon, or with a phorbol ester. Increased numbers of CD20+ B cells and CD14+ dendritic cells expressing B7/BB1 were found in intrathyroidal lymphocyte preparations from such patients compared to peripheral blood. These results suggest that conventional antigen-presenting cells rather than thyroid cells provide B7/BB1 costimulatory activity in autoimmune thyroid disease, and argue against a role for the thyroid cells themselves in autoantigen presentation to T cells via the B7/BB1 pathway.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Thyroid Hormone Activation Regulates the Crosstalk between Breast Cancer and Mesenchymal Stem Cells.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples "Federico II", 80131 Naples, Italy.
Background: Thyroid Hormones (THs) critically impact human cancer. Although endowed with both tumor-promoting and inhibiting effects in different cancer types, excess of THs has been linked to enhanced tumor growth and progression. Breast cancer depends on the interaction between bulk tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert powerful pro-tumorigenic activities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtomized Neutrophil Membrane-coated MOF Nanoparticles for Direct Delivery of Dexamethasone for Severe Pneumonia.
Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)
January 2025
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, 200444 Shanghai, China.
Background: Dexamethasone has proven life-saving in severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and COVID-19 cases. However, its systemic administration is accompanied by serious side effects. Inhalation delivery of dexamethasone (Dex) faces challenges such as low lung deposition, brief residence in the respiratory tract, and the pulmonary mucus barrier, limiting its clinical use.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA Review of the Utility of Established Cell Lines for Isolation and Propagation of the Southern African Territories Serotypes of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus.
Viruses
December 2024
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye 10071, Botswana.
Cell culture underpins virus isolation and virus neutralisation tests, which are both gold-standard diagnostic methods for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Cell culture is also crucial for the propagation of inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccines. Both primary cells and cell lines are utilised in FMDV isolation and propagation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlcohol Consumption and Autoimmune Diseases.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
Alcohol is the second-most misused substance after tobacco. It has been identified as a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and 5.3% of all deaths and is associated with significant behavioral, social, and economic difficulties.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnvironmental Exposure to Bisphenol A Enhances Invasiveness in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a prevalent environmental contaminant found in plastics and known for its endocrine-disrupting properties, posing risks to both human health and the environment. Despite its widespread presence, the impact of BPA on papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) progression, especially under realistic environmental conditions, is not well understood. This study examined the effects of BPA on PTC using a 3D thyroid papillary tumor spheroid model, which better mimicked the complex interactions within human tissues compared to traditional 2D models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!