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Minimal presynaptic protein machinery governing diverse kinetics of calcium-evoked neurotransmitter release.
Nat Commun
December 2024
Nanobiology Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA.
Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles with remarkable precision in response to presynaptic calcium influx but exhibit significant heterogeneity in exocytosis timing and efficacy based on the recent history of activity. This heterogeneity is critical for information transfer in the brain, yet its molecular basis remains poorly understood. Here, we employ a biochemically-defined fusion assay under physiologically relevant conditions to delineate the minimal protein machinery sufficient to account for various modes of calcium-triggered vesicle fusion dynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of the Eyelids of the Black-Winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus in the Immune Protection of the Eye.
Microsc Res Tech
December 2024
Zoology and Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
This study aimed to describe the morphological features and microstructure of the upper, lower, and third eyelids of the black-winged kite, Elanus caeruleus, and to characterize the organized lymphoid follicles and lymphocytes in the eyelid mucosa. Additionally, it aimed to illustrate the importance of the eye adnexa in the eye's immune protection. The upper, lower, and third eyelids display varying morphological differences that seem to be closely linked to the birds' way of life, indicating adjustments to their environment and eating behaviors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFApical-out intestinal organoids as an alternative model for evaluating deoxynivalenol toxicity and Lactobacillus detoxification in bovine.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Animal Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea.
Small intestinal organoids are similar to actual small intestines in structure and function and can be used in various fields, such as nutrition, disease, and toxicity research. However, the basal-out type is difficult to homogenize because of the diversity of cell sizes and types, and the Matrigel-based culture conditions. Contrastingly, the apical-out form of small intestinal organoids is relatively uniform and easy to manipulate without Matrigel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTFEB triggers a matrix degradation and invasion program in triple-negative breast cancer cells upon mTORC1 repression.
Dev Cell
December 2024
Institut Curie, CNRS UMR 144, PSL University, 75005 Paris, France. Electronic address:
The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is frequently hyperactivated in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) associated with poor prognosis and is a therapeutic target in breast cancer management. Here, we describe the effects of repression of mTOR-containing complex 1 (mTORC1) through knockdown of several key mTORC1 components or with mTOR inhibitors used in cancer therapy. mTORC1 repression results in an ∼10-fold increase in extracellular matrix proteolytic degradation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNonadjustable state of programmable shunt valve: obstruction of middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt.
Chin Neurosurg J
December 2024
Department of Neurosurgery, Hebei Children's Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
Background: A nonadjustable state of the programmable shunt valve is a rare phenomenon. This case report aims to explore the cause of pressure adjustment dysfunction in a programmable shunt valve in a middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst-peritoneal shunt patient and to underscore this dysfunction as an indicator of shunt valve obstruction.
Case Presentation: A child with a ruptured giant arachnoid cyst in the left middle cranial fossa presented with acute intracranial hypertension following head trauma.
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