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Rising illicit drug Adulterants: Xylazine and levamisole.
Clin Biochem
March 2025
Drexel Medicine Diagnosis. College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA. Electronic address:
The increasing prevalence of xylazine and levamisole as adulterants in illicit drugs presents significant challenges for medical professionals. This review aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms of action, prevalence of adulteration, and detection methods for xylazine and levamisole. Clinical implications associated with xylazine and levamisole-contaminated drugs are also discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) infection in zoo-housed arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus).
Acta Parasitol
March 2025
Vienna Zoo, Maxingstr. 13b, 1130, Vienna, Austria.
Purpose: Eucoleus aerophilus (syn. Capillaria aerophila) (Nematoda: Capillariidae) is a common endoparasite of free-ranging canids. In zoological gardens, reports on E.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncreased activity of CF-derivatized levamisole at the ACC-2 receptor from the parasitic nematode Haemonchus contortus.
Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist
February 2025
Applied Bioscience Graduate Program, Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa, ON, L1G 0C5, Canada. Electronic address:
The acetylcholine-gated chloride channel (ACC) family in parasitic nematodes represents a promising target for anthelmintic drug development. Levamisole, a widely known and utilized cholinergic agonist, has been used for decades to address many types of parasitic infections by targeting nematode nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in nematodes. In this study, we report the synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of eight levamisole derivatives, five of which are novel, on the H.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluation of a DNA vector plasmid encoding a partial rop18 gene from toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats as a vaccine candidate.
Vaccine
March 2025
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Animal Protozoology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445 km 380, 86057-970 Londrina, PR, Brazil. Electronic address:
The present study aimed to evaluate a DNA vector plasmid encoding a partial rop18 gene from Toxoplasma gondii in domestic cats as a potential vaccine candidate. Four domestic cats (Felis catus) were used, of which two animals received 25 μg of pcDNA 3.1 + rop18, and two received 25 μg of pcDNA 3.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRandomized Comparative Study Assessing the Efficacy of Intralesional Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) Vaccine and Vitamin D3 in Treating Warts.
Cureus
February 2025
Community Medicine, Maharaja Suhel Dev Autonomous State Medical College and Mahrishi Balark Hospitals, Bahraich, Bahraich, IND.
Background: Warts are benign skin growths caused by variants of human papillomavirus that infect the superficial layers of the skin and penetrate epithelial cells, causing viral multiplication. Warts can be transmitted via skin-to-skin contact and cause significant discomfort and embarrassment. There are multiple treatment options for warts, including topical therapies, cryotherapy, laser vaporization, surgical excision, and oral agents (e.
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