Data for the first 36 menstrual intervals immediately following menarche were analysed for 298 girls studied in Newcastle upon Tyne. The mean cycle length decreased from 49 . 5 days for the first cycle in 29.5 days for cycles 31-36. There was no clear seasonal pattern in cycle length. The standard deviation within subjects in the length of menstrual interval fell sharply from 23 . 3 days for cycles 1-6 to 10-7 days for cycles 7-12 and more slowly thereafter, reaching 5 . 5 days for cycles 31-36, and was not related to age at menarche. The proportion of short cycles (17 days or less) was relatively stable, but that of long cycles (57 days or more) decreased with cycle number from 27.4% for the first cycle to about 1% for cycles 31-36. The average length of menstrual flow was 5 . 5 days irrespective of age at menarche, cycle number of season. The standard deviation of menstrual flow within subjects fell from 1 . 5 days for cycles 1-6 to 0 . 8 days for cycles 25-36.
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Nature
January 2025
SUGAR, X-star, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan.
Foraminifera are ubiquitous marine protists that intracellularly accumulate phosphate, an important macronutrient in marine ecosystems and in fertilizer potentially leaked into the ocean. Intracellular phosphate concentrations can be 100-1,000 times higher than in the surrounding water. Here we show that phosphate storage in foraminifera is widespread, from tidal flats to the deep sea.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA.
Exogenous glucose oxidation is reduced 55% during aerobic exercise after three days of complete starvation. Whether energy deficits more commonly experienced by athletes and military personnel similarly affect exogenous glucose oxidation and what impact this has on physical performance remains undetermined. This randomized, longitudinal parallel study aimed to assess the effects of varying magnitudes of energy deficit (DEF) on exogenous glucoseoxidation and physical performance compared to energy balance (BAL).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
January 2025
Department of Neuroscience; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425. Electronic address:
Alcohol use disorder is associated with altered function of cortical-amygdala-striatal circuits such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA) and their connections to the dorsal medial striatum (DMS) shown to be involved in goal-directed actions. Using retrobead tracing, we previously reported enhanced excitability of DMS-projecting OFC neurons in mice following 3-to-7-day withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure. In the same animals, spiking of DMS-projecting BLA neurons was decreased at 3-days post-withdrawal followed by an increase in firing at 7- and 14-days.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Ophthalmol Vis Sci
January 2025
Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto. Córdoba, Argentina.
Purpose: Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic biocondensates formed in response to various cellular stressors, contributing to cell survival. Although implicated in diverse pathologies, their role in retinal degeneration (RD) remains unclear. We aimed to investigate SG formation in the retina and its induction by excessive LED light in an RD model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChronobiol Int
January 2025
Norwegian Competence Center for Sleep Disorders, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Epidemiological studies show a high prevalence of "insomnia" in adolescents. However, insomnia symptoms are not specific for insomnia disorder. Puberty is associated with circadian delay, which may cause insomnia symptoms such as problems falling asleep and daytime impairments, but also difficulties rising in the morning which is not a hallmark of insomnia disorder.
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