A small outbreak of louse-borne relapsing fever in Khartoum (May-June 1974) provided material for a clinico-pathological study. The history of the disease in the Sudan is reviewed and the clinical and laboratory findings in 32 patients are presented. Fever, headache, jaundice, epistaxis and hepatosplenomegaly were the commonest clinical findings; thrombocytopenia was detected in 93% of cases. Although elevated levels of fibrin degradation products were found in most patients, disseminated intravascular coagulation could not be diagnosed. Hepatocellular derangement was found in 68% of cases, while 78% had high blood urea. In five autopsied bodies there was bronchopneumonia, interstitial edema with focal myocardial fibrosis, hepatic necrosis, splenic infarcts, increase in size and cellularity of the glomeruli and brain edema and congestion. Intracranial haemorrhage was found in three of the autopsied cases.
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