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Mesothelial cell responses to acute appendicitis or small bowel obstruction reactive ascites: Insights into immunoregulation of abdominal adhesion.
PLoS One
January 2025
Trauma Research, Swedish Medical Center, Englewood, Colorado, United States of America.
Previous abdominal surgery (PAS) increases risk of small bowel obstruction (SBO) due to adhesions, and appendectomy (appy) is an independent risk factor for abdominal adhesion-related complications. Peritoneal inflammation, e.g.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMUC17 is an essential small intestinal glycocalyx component that is disrupted in Crohn's disease.
JCI Insight
December 2024
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Crohn's disease (CD) is the chronic inflammation of the terminal ileum and colon triggered by a dysregulated immune response to bacteria, but insights into specific molecular perturbations at the critical bacteria-epithelium interface are limited. Here we report that the membrane mucin MUC17 protected small intestinal enterocytes against commensal and pathogenic bacteria. In non-inflamed CD ileum, reduced MUC17 levels and a compromised glycocalyx barrier allowed recurrent bacterial contact with enterocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe MYO1B and MYO5B motor proteins and the sorting nexin SNX27 regulate apical targeting of membrane mucin MUC17 in enterocytes.
Biochem J
January 2025
Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 440, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
A dense glycocalyx, composed of the megaDalton-sized membrane mucin MUC17, coats the microvilli in the apical brush border of transporting intestinal epithelial cells, called enterocytes. The formation of the MUC17-based glycocalyx in the mouse small intestine occurs at the critical suckling-weaning transition. The glycocalyx extends 1 µm into the intestinal lumen and prevents the gut bacteria from directly attaching to the enterocytes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMIIST305 mitigates gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome injury and ameliorates radiation-induced gut microbiome dysbiosis.
bioRxiv
October 2024
Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
High-dose radiation exposure results in gastrointestinal (GI) acute radiation syndrome identified by the destruction of mucosal layer, intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, and aberrant inflammatory responses. In addition, radiation causes gut microbiome dysbiosis characterized by diminished microbial diversity, reduction in the abundance of beneficial commensal bacteria, and the spread of bacterial pathogens that trigger the recruitment of immune cells and the production of pro-inflammatory factors that lead to further GI tissue damage. Currently, there are no FDA-approved countermeasures that can treat radiation-induced GI injury.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEffects of probiotics and fibers on markers of nephropathy, inflammation, intestinal barrier dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria. The ProFOS Study.
J Diabetes Complications
December 2024
Complication Research, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
Aims: To estimate whether a mix of pre- and probiotics would strengthen the gut barrier and protect the kidneys in individuals with type 1 diabetes and albuminuria.
Methods: Randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Forty-one participants received synbiotic (pre- and probiotics) mix or placebo for 12 weeks with 6 weeks washout.
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