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Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol
August 2024
Institut Für Pharmakologie Und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097, Magdeburger Str. 4, 06112, Halle, Germany.
The vagal regulation of cardiac function involves acetylcholine (ACh) receptor activation followed by negative chronotropic and negative as well as positive inotropic effects. The resulting signaling pathways may include G protein-coupled reduction in adenylyl cyclase (AC) activity, direct G protein-coupled activation of ACh-activated potassium current (I), inhibition of L-type calcium ion channels, and/or the activation of protein phosphatases. Here, we studied the role of the protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A) for muscarinic receptor signaling in isolated atrial preparations of transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of either the catalytic subunit of PP2A (PP2A-TG) or the inhibitor-2 (I2) of PP1 (I2-TG) or in double transgenic mice overexpressing both PP2A and I2 (DT).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhysiol Behav
December 2023
Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Av. Senador Salgado Filho, s/n Campus Universitário - Lagoa Nova, Natal, RN 59072-970, Brazil. Electronic address:
Several reports have demonstrated that depressive disorder is related to somatic symptoms including gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal or genitourinary alterations associated with the depression are still not fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the motor activity of gastrointestinal (fundus of stomach and duodenum) and genitourinary tract (bladder) in a stress-based animal model of depression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomedicines
June 2023
Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico.
Asthma is a condition in which a person's airways become inflamed, narrowed, and produce greater amounts of mucus than normal. It can cause shortness of breath, chest pain, coughing, or wheezing. In some cases, symptoms may be exacerbated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrovasc Res
May 2023
Physiology and Biochemistry Research Group-PHYSIS, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia. Electronic address:
Aims: Animal models are essential to investigate cardiovascular pathophysiology and pharmacology, but phylogenetic diversity makes it necessary to identify the model with vasculature most similar to that of humans.
Methods And Results: In this study, we compared the mesenteric arteries of humans, pigs, rabbits and rats in terms of the i) evolutionary changes in the amino acid sequences of α and β2 adrenoceptors; M, M, and M muscarinic receptors; and bradykinin (BKR) and thromboxane-prostanoid (TP) receptors, through bioinformatics tools; ii) expression of α, β, M1, M3 and TP receptors in each tunica, as assessed by immunofluorescence; and iii) reactivity to receptor-dependent and independent contractile agonists and relaxants, by performing organ bath assays. Phylogenetically, pigs showed the highest degree of evolutionary closeness to humans for all receptors, and with the exception of BKR, rabbits presented the greatest evolutionary difference compared to humans, pigs and rats.
Tissue Barriers
July 2023
Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, QLD, Australia.
The inner lining of the urinary bladder (urothelium and lamina propria, or bladder mucosa) has an important role as a tissue barrier between stored urine and the underlying smooth muscle, as well as in the modulation and regulation of bladder contractility. However, the individual influence of the apical urothelial layer on the contractile activity of this tissue is uncertain. The aim of this experiment was to identify the contractile activity of the lamina propria after removal of the urothelium.
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