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Carbonic anhydrase enzymes: Likely targets for inhalational anesthetics.
Med Hypotheses
February 2019
2515 Gramercy Street, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address:
Inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane, desflurane and halothane are the mainstay medications for surgical procedures; upon inhalation, they produce anesthesia described as reversible unconsciousness with the features of amnesia, sleep, immobility and analgesia. To date, how they produce anesthesia is unknown. This study proposes that carbonic anhydrase enzymes are likely targets mediating the actions of inhalational anesthetics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe history of barbiturates a century after their clinical introduction.
Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat
December 2005
Department of Pharmacology, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain.
The present work offers an analysis of the historical development of the discovery and use of barbiturates in the field of psychiatry and neurology, a century after their clinical introduction. Beginning with the synthesis of malonylurea by von Baeyer in 1864, and up to the decline of barbiturate therapy in the 1960s, it describes the discovery of the sedative properties of barbital, by von Mering and Fischer (1903), the subsequent synthesis of phenobarbital by this same group (1911), and the gradual clinical incorporation of different barbiturates (butobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, etc). We describe the role played in therapy by barbiturates throughout their history: their traditional use as sedative and hypnotic agents, their use with schizophrenic patients in so-called "sleep cures" (Klaesi, Cloetta), the discovery of the antiepileptic properties of phenobarbital (Hauptmann) and their use in the treatment of epilepsy, and the introduction of thiobarbiturates in intravenous anesthesia (Lundy, Waters).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEtomidate speech and memory test (eSAM): a new drug and improved intracarotid procedure.
Neurology
December 2005
Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Background: The intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) is an important part of comprehensive investigation of patients who are candidates for surgical treatment of epilepsy. Owing to repeated and lengthy shortages of amobarbital, causing delays in elective surgery, attempts have been made to find a suitable alternative anesthetic. The authors report their experience using etomidate, a widely used agent for the induction of anesthesia.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWada testing in pediatric patients by use of propofol anesthesia.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol
August 2000
Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016, USA.
Background And Purpose: Wada testing may provide important information for surgical planning in pediatric patients with medically refractory epilepsy, but it is often not used because of the difficulties in performing the angiographic portion of the procedure in conscious children. We reviewed our experience using propofol, a short-acting IV administered anesthetic agent, for pediatric patients undergoing Wada testing.
Methods: In a retrospective review of Wada tests performed on patients younger than 18 years, we identified 24 cases in which propofol anesthesia was used.
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