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l-theanine: From tea leaf to trending supplement - does the science match the hype for brain health and relaxation?
Nutr Res
January 2025
Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; IMDEA-Food, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:
l-Theanine is a unique non-protein amino acid found abundantly in tea leaves. Interest in its potential use as a dietary supplement has surged recently, especially claims related to promoting relaxation and cognitive enhancement. This review surveys the chemistry, metabolism, and purported biological activities of l-theanine.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeciphering the impact of NOS-derived NO on nitrogen metabolism and carbon flux in the heterocytous cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae 2012/KM1/D3.
Plant Physiol Biochem
January 2025
Laboratory of Microbial Genetics, Department of Botany, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India. Electronic address:
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are heme-based monooxygenases that catalyze the NADPH-dependent oxidation of L-arginine to produce NO and L-citrulline. Over the past five years, the identification and characterization of NOS homologs in cyanobacteria have significantly advanced our understanding of these enzymes. However, the precise mechanisms through which NOS-derived NO influences nitrogen metabolism remain incompletely elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRegulation of anaplerotic enzymes by melatonin enhances resilience to cadmium toxicity in Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek.
Plant Physiol Biochem
January 2025
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Melatonin (Mel) is a tryptophan-derived (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) molecule. In the present study, role of Mel in the regulation of various anaplerotic enzymes is discussed in relation to N metabolism and H-ATPase activity in mung bean under Cd stress. The application of Mel to the Cd-stressed mung bean seedlings was remarkable in improving the activity of hexokinase (35.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDirect observations of nucleation and early-stage growth of Au-catalyzed GaAs nanowires on Si(111).
Nanotechnology
January 2025
Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, NanoLund, Lund University, Box 124, Lund, 221 00, SWEDEN.
Developing a reliable procedure for the growth of III-V nanowires (NW) on silicon (Si) substrates remains a significant challenge, as current methods rely on trial-and-error approaches with varying interpretations of critical process steps such as sample preparation, Au-Si alloy formation in the growth reactor, and nanowire alignment. Addressing these challenges is essential for enabling high-performance electronic and optoelectronic devices that combine the superior properties of III-V NW semiconductors with the well-established Si-based technology. Combining conventional scalable growth methods, such as Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD) with in situ characterization using Environmental Transmission Electron Microscopy (ETEM-MOCVD) enables a deeper understanding of the growth dynamics, if that knowledge is transferable to the scalable processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the Myelin Ratio from First Principles, Its Derivation, Uses and Artifacts.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
In light of the increasing importance for measuring myelin ratios - the ratio of axon-to-fiber (axon + myelin) diameters in myelin internodes - to understand normal physiology, disease states, repair mechanisms and myelin plasticity, there is urgent need to minimize processing and statistical artifacts in current methodologies. Many contemporary studies fall prey to a variety of artifacts, reducing study outcome robustness and slowing development of novel therapeutics. Underlying causes stem from a lack of understanding of the myelin ratio, which has persisted more than a century.
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