Chloroquine retinopathy.

Am J Ophthalmol

Published: January 1980

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(80)90246-9DOI Listing

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Introduction: Annual screening for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is recommended, and electroretinography (ERG) is considered a gold-standard test, but there are screening shortfalls and standard ERG is burdensome and has limited availability. Newer, portable ERG devices using skin-based electrodes may increase screening capacity but need validation. This study aims to determine initial device accuracies and feasibility of further research.

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For HCQ retinopathy with CME, acupuncture combined with periocular injection can be used to improve the CME and protect the central vision. Subsequent research endeavors involving a more extensive cohort and extended observation periods are warranted to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of the intervention.

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Mimickers of hydroxychloroquine retinal toxicity.

Clin Exp Ophthalmol

December 2024

UPMC Vision Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.

Article Synopsis
  • Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) can cause retinal toxicity, prominently manifesting as bull's eye maculopathy, but can be confused with other conditions.
  • Identifying HCQ-related retinal toxicity is complicated due to similarities with other drug-related toxicities, genetic retinal disorders, and systemic diseases.
  • The review highlights essential clinical and diagnostic differences to aid ophthalmologists and primary care providers in accurately diagnosing HCQ retinopathy.
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Article Synopsis
  • * This study investigates the effectiveness of AI algorithms in detecting retinal damage in patients using these medications, comparing traditional analysis methods with advanced AI approaches.
  • * Results indicate that AI models using complete mfERG data are better at identifying disease-related changes than linear models, though challenges like an unbalanced dataset could affect their application.
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Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used to treat various autoimmune diseases but carries a risk of retinal toxicity, particularly with prolonged use. Despite advancements, uncertainty persists regarding optimal screening methods. Recent advances in OCT have enabled early detection of retinal damage, with studies suggesting that thinning of specific retinal layers may be an early indicator of toxicity.

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