Content of organophosphorous inhibitors (with the structure RO/CH3/P/O/SC2H4SC2H5) of cholinesterase as well as their hydrophobic properties (distribution coefficient in hexan/water system) were studied in subcellular fractions of rat brain. Relative content of organophosphorous inhibitors was distinctly decreased in supermicrosomal fraction with increase of hydrophobic properties of the fraction. Nuclear and mitochondrial fractions contained the more hydrophobic substances in relatively higher amount. When homogenate of supermicrosomal fraction was incubated at 37 degrees, own brain cholinesterase was not depressed by organophosphorous inhibitors, containing in the fraction at low concentration. The phenomenon exhibits that content of free organophosphorous inhibitors is distinctly lower in the subcellular fractions studied than amount of the inhibitors, extracted with chloroform.
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Mol Biol (Mosk)
November 2023
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.
Enzymatic methyltransferase reactions are of crucial importance for cell metabolism. S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet) is a main donor of the methyl group. DNA, RNA, proteins, and low-molecular-weight compounds are substrates of methyltransferases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Technol
December 2022
Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Breeze, Florida32561, United States.
The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) is an internationally accepted approach to hazard estimation using the probability distribution of toxicity values that is representative of the sensitivity of a group of species to a chemical. Application of SSDs in ecological risk assessment has been limited by insufficient taxonomic diversity of species to estimate a statistically robust fifth percentile hazard concentration (HC5). We used the toxicity-normalized SSD (SSDn) approach, (Lambert, F.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Sci Technol
June 2021
Department of Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Behringstr. 21, D-54296 Trier, Germany E-mail:
Organic esters of phosphoric acid and other organophosphorous compounds are enzymatically hydrolyzed during wastewater treatment by microbial phosphoesterases, especially by phosphomonoesterase (phosphatase). For physiological reasons, the enzyme is inhibited by its main inorganic reaction product, ortho-phosphate. It is known that oxyanions of transition metals, resembling the molecular topology of ortho-phosphate, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Health Perspect
April 2021
Division for Pre-Clinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Background: Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), a biomarker of organophosphorous and carbamate exposure in environmental and occupational human health, has been commonly used to identify potential safety liabilities. So far, many environmental chemicals, including drug candidates, food additives, and industrial chemicals, have not been thoroughly evaluated for their inhibitory effects on AChE activity. AChE inhibitors can have therapeutic applications (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSemin Cancer Biol
November 2021
Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, 1000000, Chile; Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA. Electronic address:
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Several studies have addressed the association between cancer in humans and agricultural pesticide exposure. Evidence indicates that exposure to organophosphorous pesticides such as parathion and malathion occurs as a result of occupational factors since they are extensively used to control insects.
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