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A simple cavity-enhanced laser-based heater for reflective samples.
Rev Sci Instrum
January 2025
Institute for Physical Chemistry, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Surface science instruments require excellent vacuum to ensure surface cleanliness; they also require control of sample temperature, both to clean the surface of contaminants and to control reaction rates at the surface, for example, for molecular beam epitaxy and studies of heterogeneous catalysis. Standard approaches to sample heating within high vacuum chambers involve passing current through filaments of refractory metals, which then heat the sample by convective, radiative, or electron bombardment induced heat transfer. Such hot filament methods lead to outgassing of molecules from neighboring materials that are inadvertently heated; they also produce electrons and ions that may interfere with other aspects of the surface science experiment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIs this scenery worth exploring? Insight into the visual encoding of navigating ants.
J Exp Biol
January 2025
Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 31062 cedex 09, France.
Solitary foraging insects like desert ants rely heavily on vision for navigation. While ants can learn visual scenes, it is unclear what cues they use to decide if a scene is worth exploring at the first place. To investigate this, we recorded the motor behavior of Cataglyphis velox ants navigating in a virtual reality set-up (VR) and measured their lateral oscillations in response to various unfamiliar visual scenes under both closed-loop and open-loop conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis paper proposes a conformal high-efficiency ultra-thin flexible rectifying metasurface (RMS) with a simple structure applied for wireless power transferring (WPT), featuring polarization insensitivity and wide-angle incidence capabilities. The RMS unit adopts a rotationally symmetric structure consisting of double rings and cross-shaped elements, with two diodes placed in the gap of the cross-shaped to achieve polarization insensitivity. Simultaneously, by adjusting the dimensions of the "double ring and cross" structure, its output impedance is varied to achieve conjugate matching with the diode input impedance, thereby eliminating the impedance matching network.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClimate effects of ecosystem change converge according to the ratio of the daytime to daily vapor flux.
Innovation (Camb)
January 2025
Institute of Ecology, School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China.
Ecosystem changes can simultaneously generate various climate-related effects, such as evapotranspiration (vapor flux) effects, carbon-cycle effects, and surface temperature effects. These effects are coupled with one another because they are generated through the same biophysical and biogeochemical processes. Consequently, given an easily measurable effect, other effects can be predicted from the measured effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCatalytic asymmetric photocycloaddition reactions mediated by enantioselective radical approaches.
Chem Soc Rev
January 2025
Pingyuan Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, P. R. China.
The use of olefins in the construction of cyclic compounds represents a powerful strategy for advancing the pharmaceutical industry. Photocycloaddition has attracted significant interest from chemists due to its ability to exploit simple and readily available olefins along with their reaction patterns under mild conditions. Moreover, the sustainable and versatile pathways for generating highly reactive intermediates can greatly enrich both substrate diversity and reaction patterns.
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