Both myxoma and fibroma viruses were found to be sensitive in vitro to the effects of phosphonoacetic acid. Detectable myxoma virus replication was inhibited at a drug concentration of 100 micrograms/ml. Fibroma virus replication was inhibited at a concentration of 500 micrograms/ml. Because of this difference in sensitivity, myxoma virus was used to infect rabbits to test that efficacy of phosphonoacetic acid in the treatment of a systemic viral disease. Rabbits were given 400 mg kg-1 day-1 of phosphonoacetic acid subcutaneously in two injections. Phosphonoacetic acid-treated animals showed a reduction in the severity of disease. Neither serum viral antigen nor infectious virus could be detected. In phosphate buffered saline-treated animals both serum viral antigen and infectious virus were found. All animals treated with phosphate buffered saline died of myxomatosis.
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