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Mov Disord
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Background: Central synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), involve alpha-synuclein accumulation and dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC). Pure autonomic failure (PAF), a peripheral synucleinopathy, often precedes central synucleinopathies.
Objectives: To assess early brain involvement in PAF using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM-MRI) and fluorodopa-positron emission tomography (FDOPA-PET), and to determine whether PAF patients with a high likelihood ratio (LR) for conversion to a central synucleinopathy exhibit reduced NM-MRI contrast in the LC and SN compared with controls and low-LR patients.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, 3616 Trousdale Parkway, AHF 252, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-0372, USA.
Habitual consumption of low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) during juvenile-adolescence can lead to greater sugar intake later in life. Here, we investigated if exposure to the LCS Acesulfame Potassium (Ace-K) during this critical period of development reprograms the taste system in a way that would alter hedonic responding for common dietary compounds. Results revealed that early-life LCS intake not only enhanced the avidity for a caloric sugar (fructose) when rats were in a state of caloric need, it increased acceptance of a bitterant (quinine) in Ace-K-exposed rats tested when middle-aged.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is required for learning associations that determine whether animals approach or avoid potential threats in the environment. Dopaminergic (DA) projections from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the mPFC carry information, particularly about aversive outcomes, that may inform prefrontal computations. But the role of prefrontal DA in learning based on aversive outcomes remains poorly understood.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
January 2025
Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India, 110062. Electronic address:
Malathion is an organophosphate compound widely used as an insecticide in the agriculture sector and is toxic to humans and other mammals. Although several studies have been conducted at different level in different animal models. But there is no work has been conducted on the toxicological correlation from cellular to behavioral level on surviving species model.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiagnostics (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Information Technology, Aylol University College, Yarim 547, Yemen.
Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NGD) encompass a range of progressive neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), characterised by the gradual deterioration of neuronal structure and function. This degeneration manifests as cognitive decline, movement impairment, and dementia. Our focus in this investigation is on PD, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain, leading to motor disturbances.
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