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Kappa opioid receptors (KOR) expressed by peripheral pain-sensing neurons (nociceptors) are a promising target for development of effective and safer analgesics for inflammatory pain that are devoid of central nervous system adverse effects. Here we sought to delineate the signaling pathways that underlie peripheral KOR-mediated antinociception in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. In an inflammatory model of pain, local intraplantar (i.

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January 2025

Central Laboratory of The Lishui Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Lishui University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China.

Neuroregulation during skin wound healing involves complex interactions between the nervous system and intricate tissue repair processes. The skin, the largest organ, depends on a complex system of nerves to manage responses to injury. Recent research has emphasized the crucial role of neuroregulation in maximizing wound healing outcomes.

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The visceral organ-brain axis, mediated by vagal sensory neurons, is essential for maintaining various physiological functions. Here, we investigate the impact of liver-projecting vagal sensory neurons on energy balance, hepatic steatosis, and anxiety-like behavior in mice under obesogenic conditions. A small subset of vagal sensory neurons innervate the liver and project centrally to the nucleus of the tractus solitarius, area postrema, and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus, and peripherally to the periportal areas in the liver.

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The sense of hearing originates in the cochlea, which detects sounds across dynamic sensory environments. Like other peripheral organs, the cochlea is subjected to environmental insults, including loud, damage-inducing sounds. In response to internal and external stimuli, the central nervous system directly modulates cochlear function through olivocochlear neurons (OCNs), which are located in the brainstem and innervate the cochlear sensory epithelium.

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In healthy intervertebral discs (IVDs), nerves and blood vessels are present only in the outer annulus fibrosus, while in degenerative IVDs, a large amount of nerve and blood vessel tissue grows inward. Evidence supports that neurogenic inflammation produced by neuropeptides such as substance P and calcitonin gene related peptide released by the nociceptive nerve fibers innervating the IVDs plays a crucial role in the process of IVD degeneration. Recently, non-neuronal cells, including IVD cells and infiltrating immune cells, have emerged as important players in neurogenic inflammation.

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