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Identification of characteristic flavor compounds in steamed and baked Hu sheep mutton.
Food Res Int
February 2025
College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China. Electronic address:
The advancement in heat treatment technology has spurred the innovation of various smart cooking appliances, including the steam roaster. Consequently, the technique of synchronized steaming and baking has emerged as a novel form of thermal processing. Therefore, the effects of baking, steaming, steaming-baking heating modes on the flavor of Hu sheep mutton were evaluated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe association of origin and environmental conditions with performance in professional IRONMAN triathletes.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute of Primary Care, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland.
We have (i) little knowledge about where the fastest professional IRONMAN triathletes originate from and where the fastest races take place and (ii) we have no knowledge of the optimal weather conditions for an IRONMAN triathlon. The aims of the present study were, therefore, (i) to investigate the origin and the fastest IRONMAN race courses for professional triathletes and (ii) to evaluate the best environmental conditions (i.e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThermodynamics of Surfactant-Enriched Binary-Fluid Systems.
Langmuir
January 2025
Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Surface-active agents (surfactants) release potential energy as they migrate from one of two adjacent fluids onto their fluid-fluid interface, a process that profoundly impacts the system's energy and entropy householding. The continuum thermodynamics underlying such a surfactant-enriched binary-fluid system has not yet been explored comprehensively. In this article, we present a mathematical description of such a system, in terms of balance laws, equations of state, and permissible constitutive relations and interface conditions, that satisfies the first and second law of thermodynamics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe concepts of irreversibility and reversibility in research on anthropogenic environmental changes.
PNAS Nexus
January 2025
Philosophy Group, Section CPTE (Communication, Philosophy, Technology, and Education), Wageningen University & Research, 6706 KN Wageningen, Netherlands.
The concept of "irreversibility" and its counterpart "reversibility" have become prominent in environmental and ecological research on human-induced changes, thresholds, climate tipping points, ecosystem degradation, and losses in the cryosphere and biosphere. Through a systematic literature review, we show that in these research fields, these notions are not only descriptive terms, but can have different semantic functions and normative aspects. The results suggest that, in the context of environmental and ecological research the concepts of irreversibility and reversibility have taken on additional usages in comparison to their contexts in theoretical thermodynamics and mechanics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIon-Ion Association in Bulk Mixed Electrolytes Using Global and Local Electroneutrality Constraints.
J Phys Chem B
January 2025
Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States.
Ion atmospheres play a critical role in modulating the interactions between charged components in solutions. However, a detailed description of the nature of ion atmospheres remains elusive. Here, we use Kirkwood-Buff theory, an exact theory of solution mixtures, together with a series of local and bulk electroneutrality constraints to provide relationships between all the net ion-ion distributions in bulk electrolyte mixtures.
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