To study early ultrastructural lesions including cortical contusions, investigations of injuries to the cortical arteries were made with a transmission electron microscope to supplement those made with conventional light microscopes. The various injuries were produced on five trephined dogs with the help of instruments. The survival times amounted to 2,6,9,15, and 21 days. Rapid swelling of the brain was reflected in great enlargement of the astrocyte processes. The regressive changes in the medullary sheaths as well as the intracellular destruction of erythrocytes are described in more detail. The accumulations of osmiophile particles (ferritin granules) in the form of siderous cystosomes seem to correspond to the hemosiderin plaques detectable by light microscopes.
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