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Insights into microbial compositions of the respiratory tract of neonatal dairy calves in a longitudinal probiotic trial through 16S rRNA sequencing.
Front Microbiol
January 2025
USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE, United States.
Introduction: Probiotics are a promising intervention for modulating the microbiome and the immune system, promoting health benefits in cattle. While studies have characterized the calf lung bacterial profile with and without oral probiotics, simultaneous probiotic effects on the bacterial populations of multiple sites along the respiratory tract have not been characterized.
Methods: This study utilized the same pre-weaning diary calf group from our previous studies to characterize the bacterial populations present in the nostril and tonsil across control and treatment groups and nine sampling time points.
Deletion of and genes in serovars induces a comparable immune response to wild-type infection in different chicken lineages.
Avian Pathol
January 2025
São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Jaboticabal, SP, 14884-900, Brazil.
It was previously reported that utilization of tetrathionate and 1,2-propanediol by spp. through the metabolic pathways encoded by and operons are related to overgrowth and out-competing microbiota in an anaerobic environment. However, recent knowledge demonstrated which strains in the absence of and genes provoke both higher intestinal colonization and spreading bacteria on faeces in relation to their respective wild-type strain, and generate more prominent inflammation as well.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDeep Neck Infections. Review of 111 cases.
Otolaryngol Pol
January 2025
Riga Paul Stradins University, Riga, Latvia.
<b>Introduction:</b> Deep neck infections (DNI) are potentially life-threatening conditions. The infections are commonly polymicrobial, and develop as a result of oral cavity infections, tonsilitis, laryngitis, trauma, or malignancy. Timely diagnostics and management are essential to prevent severe complications such as airway obstruction, sepsis or mediastinitis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDifferential roles of human CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells in controlling self-reactive immune responses.
Nat Immunol
January 2025
Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Here we analyzed the relative contributions of CD4 regulatory T cells expressing Forkhead box protein P3 (FOXP3) and CD8 regulatory T cells expressing killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the control of autoreactive T and B lymphocytes in human tonsil-derived immune organoids. FOXP3 and GZMB respectively encode proteins FOXP3 and granzyme B, which are critical to the suppressive functions of CD4 and CD8 regulatory T cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we were able to achieve a reduction of ~90-95% in the expression of these genes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTie or do not tie: comparing knot tying hemostasis in tonsillectomy with other methods of hemostasis. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
January 2025
Academic Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, D02 YN77, Ireland.
Purpose: This meta-analysis sought to compare knot tying against other methods of haemostasis in terms of post-operative haemorrhage, intraoperative blood loss and tonsillectomy time.
Methods: Two independent reviewers performed a literature search according to PRISMA guidelines. Three databases were consulted, Pubmed, Google Scholar and Embase.
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