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Biomarkers.
Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
Hanyang University, Seoul, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South).
Background: This study investigates the impact of cognitive impairments on the acoustic characteristics of speech and explores the development of a non-invasive AI model for the diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI).
Method: Specifically, using conversational speech data from MCI patients and healthy controls in the DementiaBank, the autocorrelation function (ACF) of the speech signal according to delay time was analyzed. Through such analysis, key acoustic indicators of the speech signal such as τ, ϕ, and τ, were calculated, and these were used to employ the concept of pitch strength in the diagnosis of MCI.
Background: Growing evidence suggests that Alzheimer's pathology manifests in sensory association areas well before appearing in neural regions involved in higher-order cognitive functions, such as memory. The ability to successfully integrate sensory information across multiple sensory modalities is a vital aspect of everyday functioning and mobility. Our research suggests that multisensory integration, specifically visual-somatosensory integration (VSI), could be used as a novel marker for preclinical AD given previously reported associations with important motor (balance, gait, and falls) and cognitive (attention) outcomes in aging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Cutting-edge ultrasensitive immunoassay platforms have unveiled the potential of blood-based biomarkers, offering detection at low fg/mL levels for early neurodegenerative disorder prognosis, screening, and therapeutic monitoring. Current immunoassays, such as single molecule array (SIMOA) and mesoscale multi-array (MSD), face limited adoption due to their reliance on specialized equipment. Additionally, they require immobilization of probe reagents and a washing process, demanding tens of thousands of proteins to achieve the Limit of Detection (LOD), leading to the requirement of high sample volume and high affinity antibodies for fg/mL sensitivity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe impact of transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation on anterior cingulate cortex activity in a cognitive control task.
Psychophysiology
January 2025
Biological Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany.
Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) offers a non-invasive method to enhance noradrenergic neurotransmission in the human brain, thereby increasing cognitive control. Here, we investigate if changes in cognitive control induced by tVNS are mediated through locus coeruleus-induced modifications of neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex. Young healthy participants engaged in a simple cognitive control task focusing on response inhibition and a more complex task that involved both response inhibition and working memory, inside a magnetic resonance imaging scanner.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe role of noninvasive biomarkers for monitoring cell injury in advanced liver fibrosis.
Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol
January 2025
Chronic Viral Illness Service, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada.
Introduction: Accurate and reliable diagnosis and monitoring of hepatic fibrosis is increasingly important given the variable natural history in chronic liver disease (CLD) and expanding antifibrotic therapeutic options targeting reversibility of early-stage cirrhosis. This highlights the need to develop more refined and effective noninvasive techniques for the dynamic assessment of fibrogenesis and fibrolysis.
Areas Covered: We conducted a literature review on PubMed, from 1 December 1970, to 1 November 2024, to evaluate and compare available blood-based and imaging-based noninvasive tools for hepatic fibrosis diagnosis and monitoring.
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