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New spirometry recommendations from the Brazilian Thoracic Association - 2024 update.

J Bras Pneumol

January 2025

. Laboratório de Função Pulmonar, Instituto de Assistência ao Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo Francisco Morato Pereira - IAMSPE-FMO - São Paulo (SP), Brasil.

The latest pulmonary function guideline from the Brazilian Thoracic Association was published in 2002, since which there have been updates to international guidelines (mainly those from the European Respiratory Society and the American Thoracic Society), as well as new national and international publications on various aspects of the performance, interpretation, and clinical implications of spirometry. Despite those updates, a careful analysis of what applies to the reality in Brazil is essential, because there have been studies that evaluated individuals who are representative of our population and who could show responses different from those of individuals in other regions of the world. This document is the result of the work of a group of specialists in pulmonary function who evaluated relevant scientific articles that could be applicable to the population of Brazil.

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Diphtheria antitoxin treatment: from pioneer to neglected.

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz

January 2025

Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France.

Diphtheria, a severe respiratory infection, was a major killer of children until the early years of the 20th century. Although diphtheria is now largely controlled globally thanks to vaccination, it is still endemic in some world regions and large epidemics can occur where vaccination coverage is insufficient. The pathological effects caused by its main virulence factor, diphtheria toxin, can be diminished by passive transfer of antibodies.

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Purpose: This study investigated the association between self-perception of stuttering and self-perception of hearing, speech fluency profile, and contextual aspects in Brazilian adults who stutter.

Methods: Fifty-five adults who stutter (ages 18 to 58 years), speakers of Brazilian Portuguese speakers, participated in an observational study that included: (a) a clinical history survey to collect identification, sociodemographic, clinical, and assistance data; (b) the Brazil Economic Classification Criteria (CCEB); (c) a hearing self-perception questionnaire (Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale - SSQ, version 5.6); (d) self-perception of the impact of stuttering (Brazilian Portuguese version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - Adults - OASES-A); and (e) an assessment of speech fluency (Fluency Profile Assessment Protocol -- PAPF).

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Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the perception of quality of life of patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and investigate whether there is a correlation between patients' perception and that of their carers.

Methods: Cross-sectional analytical observational study. In the first part, socioeconomic, demographic, clinical, and treatment information were collected from patients diagnosed with SMA, regardless of type, sex, or age.

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Background: An aging population in combination with more gentle and less stressful surgical procedures leads to an increased number of operations on older patients. This collectively raises novel challenges due to higher age heavily impacting treatment. A major problem, emerging in up to 50% of cases, is perioperative delirium.

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